The Cell

Question 1

Nucleotides connected to each

Answer 1

simple single-celled organism.

Question 2

Nucleiod

Answer 2

prokaryotic DNA in middle of cell

Question 3

Plasmamembrane

Answer 3

phospholipid bilayer that surrounds cell.

Question 4

nucleus

Answer 4

houses DNA and directs synthesis of RNA and proteins.

Question 5

nuclear envelope

Answer 5

double membrane that defines nucleus.

Question 6

Chromatin

Answer 6

DNA + proteins

Question 7

nucleolus

Answer 7

responsible for producing ribosome RNA.

Question 8

Ribosomes

Answer 8

made of ribosomal RNA and protein
•Ribosomes carry out protein synthesis
•In cytoplasm
•On RER

Question 9

Components of the endomembrane system:

Answer 9

Nuclear envelope
–Endoplasmic reticulum
–Golgi apparatus
–Lysosomes
–Vacuoles
–Plasma membrane

Question 10

vesicles

Answer 10

These components are either continuous or connected via transfer

Question 11

Functions of the smooth ER (SER)

Answer 11

Synthesizes lipids
–Metabolizes carbohydrates
–Detoxifies poison
–Stores calcium

Question 12

Functions of the rough ER (RER)

Answer 12

Protein translation
–Proteins shipped by transport vesicles, proteins surrounded by membranes
–Make membrane lipids

Question 13

Golgi apparatus

Answer 13

flattened membranous sacs = cisternae

Question 14

Functions of the Golgi apparatus:

Answer 14

Protein modification

–Sorts and packages proteins

Question 15

Cis side of Golgi

Answer 15

Entrance

Question 16

Trans side of Golgi

Answer 16

Exit

Question 17

Lysosome

Answer 17

membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes that can digest large molecules.

Question 18

Mitochondria

Answer 18

site of cellular respiration- generates ATP.

Question 19

Chloroplasts

Answer 19

site of photosynthesis- converts solar to chemical energy.

Question 20

Thylakoid

Answer 20

flattened connected sacs

Question 21

Stroma

Answer 21

fluid outside thylakoid

Question 22

Peroxisome

Answer 22

contain enzymes that use oxygen to break down molecules.

Question 23

Centrosomes

Answer 23

microtubule organizer found next to nucleus in animal cells.

Question 24

Vacuoles and Vesicles

Answer 24

used for storage and transport.

Question 25

Cell Wall

Answer 25

Rigid covering that protects cell, provides structural support, and gives shape to cells.

Question 26

Microfilaments

Answer 26

made of two chains of filaments-made of globular actin subunits

Question 27

Intermediate Filaments

Answer 27

different types of proteins. Bear tension, give cell shape, keep organelles in place.

Question 28

Microtubules

Answer 28

hollow tubes made of polymerized dimers of a and b tubulin.

Question 29

Tight Junction

Answer 29

water-tight seal between two adjacent animal cells.

Question 30

Desmosomes

Answer 30

fasten cells together into strong sheets.

Question 31

Gap Junctions

Answer 31

Cytoplasmic channels between cells that allow small molecules to diffuse

Question 32

Plasmodesmata

Answer 32

Channels that join adjacent cells together