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Principles Of Biology > The Cell > Flashcards

The Cell Flashcards

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1
Q

Nucleotides connected to each

A

simple single-celled organism.

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2
Q

Nucleiod

A

prokaryotic DNA in middle of cell

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3
Q

Plasmamembrane

A

phospholipid bilayer that surrounds cell.

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4
Q

nucleus

A

houses DNA and directs synthesis of RNA and proteins.

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5
Q

nuclear envelope

A

double membrane that defines nucleus.

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6
Q

Chromatin

A

DNA + proteins

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7
Q

nucleolus

A

responsible for producing ribosome RNA.

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8
Q

Ribosomes

A

made of ribosomal RNA and protein
•Ribosomes carry out protein synthesis
•In cytoplasm
•On RER

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9
Q

Components of the endomembrane system:

A 
Nuclear envelope
–Endoplasmic reticulum
–Golgi apparatus
–Lysosomes
–Vacuoles
–Plasma membrane
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10
Q

vesicles

A

These components are either continuous or connected via transfer

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11
Q

Functions of the smooth ER (SER)

A

Synthesizes lipids
–Metabolizes carbohydrates
–Detoxifies poison
–Stores calcium

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12
Q

Functions of the rough ER (RER)

A

Protein translation
–Proteins shipped by transport vesicles, proteins surrounded by membranes
–Make membrane lipids

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13
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

flattened membranous sacs = cisternae

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14
Q

Functions of the Golgi apparatus:

A

Protein modification

–Sorts and packages proteins

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15
Q

Cis side of Golgi

A

Entrance

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16
Q

Trans side of Golgi

A

Exit

17
Q

Lysosome

A

membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes that can digest large molecules.

18
Q

Mitochondria

A

site of cellular respiration- generates ATP.

19
Q

Chloroplasts

A

site of photosynthesis- converts solar to chemical energy.

20
Q

Thylakoid

A

flattened connected sacs

21
Q

Stroma

A

fluid outside thylakoid

22
Q

Peroxisome

A

contain enzymes that use oxygen to break down molecules.

23
Q

Centrosomes

A

microtubule organizer found next to nucleus in animal cells.

24
Q

Vacuoles and Vesicles

A

used for storage and transport.

25
Q

Cell Wall

A

Rigid covering that protects cell, provides structural support, and gives shape to cells.

26
Q

Microfilaments

A

made of two chains of filaments-made of globular actin subunits

27
Q

Intermediate Filaments

A

different types of proteins. Bear tension, give cell shape, keep organelles in place.

28
Q

Microtubules

A

hollow tubes made of polymerized dimers of a and b tubulin.

29
Q

Tight Junction

A

water-tight seal between two adjacent animal cells.

30
Q

Desmosomes

A

fasten cells together into strong sheets.

31
Q

Gap Junctions

A

Cytoplasmic channels between cells that allow small molecules to diffuse

32
Q

Plasmodesmata

A

Channels that join adjacent cells together

Principles Of Biology (11 decks)

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