Metabolism

Question 1

Catabolic pathways

Answer 1

Release energy by breaking down complex molecules to building blocks. (Hydrolysis)

Question 2

Anabolic pathways

Answer 2

use energy to build complex molecules from smaller ones. (Dehydration synthesis)

Question 3

1st Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 3

energy can be transferred or transformed- it cannot be created or destroyed.

Question 4

2nd Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 4

every energy transformation increases entropy (disorder) of universe.

Question 5

-DG

Answer 5

spontaneous- releases energy that can be used to do work.

Question 6

+ DG

Answer 6

not spontaneous – input of energy required to proceed.

Question 7

exergonic reaction

Answer 7

net release of free energy and is spontaneous

Question 8

endergonic reaction

Answer 8

absorbs free energy from its surroundings and is nonspontaneous

Question 9

Adenosine Triphosphate-ATP

Answer 9

the major energy currency for the cell.

Question 10

catalyst

Answer 10

chemical agent that speeds up a reaction without being consumed by the reaction

Question 11

Activation energy (EA)

Answer 11

energy needed to start reaction.

Question 12

substrate

Answer 12

Enzymes specific for one molecule

Question 13

Competitive inhibitors

Answer 13

bind to the active site of an enzyme, competing with the substrate

Question 14

Nonompetitive inhibitors

Answer 14

bind to another part of enzyme.

Question 15

Allosteric Regulation

Answer 15

when a regulatory molecule binds to a protein at one site and affects the protein’s function at another site

Question 16

Cofactors

Answer 16

nonprotein enzyme helpers

Question 17

Feedback Inhibition

Answer 17

the end product of a pathway inhibits an upstream step