Atomic & Subatomic Particles

Question 1

Protons

Answer 1

Mass, positive charge, located in the nucleus

Question 2

Neutrons

Answer 2

mass, neutral charge, located in the nucleus

Question 3

Electrons

Answer 3

No mass, negative charge, organized into sells and orbitals

Question 4

Atomic

Mass

Answer 4

Number of

Protons + Neutrons

Question 5

Atomic

Number

Answer 5

Number

Of Protons

Question 6

Isotopes

Answer 6

alternative forms of atoms differing in numbers of neutrons

Question 7

Radioactive isotopes

Answer 7

decay spontaneously giving off particles and energy.

Question 8

Electron shells

Answer 8

where electrons on found- each with set distance from nucleus and energy level.

Question 9

Valence electrons

Answer 9

those found in outermost shell- these determine behavior of atom.

Question 10

4 Types of Chemical Bonds from strongest to weakest

Answer 10

1) Covalent Bonds
2) Ionic Bonds
3) Hydrogen Bonds
4) Van der Waals Interactions

Question 11

Covalent Bonds

Answer 11

formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms.

Question 12

Polar covalent bond

Answer 12

electrons of a bond are not shared equally.

Question 13

nonpolar covalent bonds

Answer 13

Bonds between two atoms of same electronegativity

Question 14

Ionic Bond

Answer 14

Sometimes atoms so electronegative they strip electrons from their bonding partners

Question 15

ion

Answer 15

A charged atom (or molecule)

Question 16

ionic bond

Answer 16

attraction between an anion and a cation

Question 17

Hydrogen bond

Answer 17

forms when a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to one electronegative atom is also attracted to another electronegative atom.

Question 18

Van der Waals Interactions

Answer 18

If electrons are distributed asymmetrically in molecules or atoms, they can result in “hot spots” of charge

Question 19

acid

Answer 19

any substance that increases the H+ concentration of a solution

Question 20

base

Answer 20

any substance that reduces the H+ concentration of a solution

Question 21

Buffers

Answer 21

molecules that help maintain pH within a narrow range.