The Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Types of Blood Vessels

Answer 1

• Arteries
– Carry blood away from the heart
• Capillaries
– Tiny vessels that allow exchange of materials
• Veins
– Carry blood back to the heart

Question 2

Arteries

Answer 2

Carry blood away from the heart

Question 3

Capillaries

Answer 3

Tiny vessels that allow exchange of materials

Question 4

Veins

Answer 4

Carry blood back to the heart

Question 5

The Heart

Has 4 chambers

Answer 5

Left and right atrium and lest and right vertical.

Question 6

Average heart rate for a resting adult

Answer 6

60-80 beats per minute

Question 7

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Answer 7

• ECGs record the electrical changes in the heart
• These changes can be detected on the surface of the skin
• ECGs can detect a number of abnormalities such as ventricular fibrillation

Question 8

Blood Pressure

Answer 8

• Blood pressure makes arteries expand and relax, causing a pulse

Question 9

Pulmonary circuit

Answer 9

Through the lungs

Question 10

Systemic circuit

Answer 10

Through the rest of the body

Question 11

Functions of Blood

Answer 11

Functions of Blood
Transports oxygen & carbon dioxide, nutrients & wastes Transports hormones
Defends the body against pathogens
White blood cells
Antibodies
Defends the body against blood loss
Platelets & proteins Regulates homeostasis
Heat
Water/Salt balance pH

Question 12

Red Blood Cells

Answer 12

• Carry oxygen using hemoglobin
• Hemoglobin is an iron containing protein that can bind and release oxygen easily
• Carbon monoxide binds to hemoglobin and doesn’t let go easily
• Red blood cells have no nucleus but have a large surface area because of their shape
• They also have no mitochondria and don’t use up any of the oxygen they transport
• Disorders include various anemias

Question 13

White Blood Cells

Answer 13

• Also called leukocytes
• Larger than red blood cells, have a nucleus, and are translucent
• Produced in the bone marrow as well
• Several types exist
• Important part of the immune system
• Disorders include leukemia and infectious mononucleosis

Question 14

Platelets

Answer 14

Result from fragmentation of large cells in the red bone marrow
• Involved in blood clotting or coagulation
• Also involved are some plasma proteins
• Disorders related to blood clotting include thrombocytopenia (too few platelets), thromboembolism, and hemophilia (inherited deficiency in a clotting factor)