The Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Why is the cardiovascular system needed?

Answer 1

The cardiovascular system is needed to efficiently deliver materials from exchange surfaces such as the lungs and the gut to the body’s tissues and organs and back again.

Question 2

What is the circulatory system made up of?

Answer 2

Blood vessels, Blood and the heart

Question 3

What are the three types of blood vessels?

Answer 3

The three types of blood vessels are arteries, veins and capillaries

Question 4

What are arteries jobs?

Answer 4

Arteries are vessels which carry blood away from the heart

Question 5

What are veins?

Answer 5

Veins carry blood to the heart

Question 6

What are capillaries?

Answer 6

Capillaries are tiny blood vessels which branch off from arterioles and pass within 1mm of every cell in your body.

Question 7

Describe arteries?

Answer 7

Arteries carry blood at high pressure
Arteries have a narrow lumen
Arteries have a thick muscular wall which withstand pressure of heart pumping
Arteries expand and contract in rhythm with heart

Question 8

Describe Veins?

Answer 8

Veins carry blood at a low pressure
Veins have small muscular walls
Veins have a wide lumen
Veins contain smaller veins which prevent backflow of blood

Question 9

Arteries and veins do not What? instead they transport blood to and from the what? and what happens here?

Answer 9

Arteries and veins do not LEAK instead they transport blood to and from the CAPILLARIES, which is where the EXCHANGE OF SUBSTANCES takes place with tissues

Question 10

The endothelium lining the central lumen of blood vessels is surrounded by what? that differ between what?

Answer 10

The endothelium lining the central lumen of blood vessels is surrounded by layers of tissue that differ between arteries, capillaries and veins

Question 11

Describe Capillaries?

Answer 11

Capillaries have thin walls for rapid diffusion of materials
Capillaries is the site of material exchange
Capillaries is the network found at muscles and tissues

Question 12

Capillaries have very thin walls meaning what?

Answer 12

Capillaries have very thin walls meaning they can leak which allows the exchange of materials with cells

Question 13

During strenuous exercise, arterioles leading to working muscles undergo vasodilation what does this allow?

Answer 13

This allows and increase in blood flow to the skeletal muscles involved in the strenuous exercise

Question 14

During strenuous exercise arterioles leading to abdominal organs undergo vasoconstriction what does this do?

Answer 14

This reduces blood flow to these organs during the period of strenuous exercise

Question 15

What does blood contain?

Answer 15

Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, large plasma, proteins and plasma

Question 16

What is plasma?

Answer 16

Plasma is a watery yellow fluid containing dissolved glucose, amino acids, O2, CO2 and other substances

Question 17

Where do capillaries exist?

Answer 17

Capillaries exist in a dense network called a capillary bed?

Question 18

What happens in the capillary bed?

Answer 18

In the capillary bed gases, nutrients and waste materials are exchanged with tissue cells.

Question 19

Every body cell is near a capillary and is constantly bathed in what?

Answer 19

A liquid called tissue fluid.

Question 20

Pressure filtration is what?

Answer 20

When tissue fluid is formed by plasma being squeezed through thin capillary walls.