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ACRS > The Cardiovascular System 2: Anatomy of the Heart Part 1 > Flashcards

The Cardiovascular System 2: Anatomy of the Heart Part 1 Flashcards

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What 3 veins does the right atrium receive blood from?

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The right atrium receives venous blood from the superior vena cava (SVC)

inferior vena cava (IVC)

coronary sinus.

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What are the two parts of the right atrium?

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The right atrium has a smooth part called the sinus venarum and a rough part called the auricle.

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What is the fossa ovalis in the right atrium?

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The fossa ovalis is the embryological remnant of the foramen ovale, which was an opening in fetal circulation.

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16
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What is the general structure of the internal wall of the left atrium?

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The internal wall of the left atrium is generally smooth, except for the left auricle, which has a rougher texture.

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17
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What does the smooth-walled portion of the left atrium receive?

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The smooth-walled portion of the left atrium receives the pairs of right and left pulmonary veins.

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21
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What are the two types of parts in both the left and right atria?

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Both the left and right atria have a trabeculated part and a smooth-walled part.

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22
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Where do the trabeculated parts of the atria originate from?

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The trabeculated parts developed from the original primitive atria.

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23
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Where do the smooth-walled parts of the atria originate from?

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The smooth-walled parts originate from the sinus venosus in the right atrium and the pulmonary veins in the left atrium.

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24
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What is the crista terminalis in the right atrium?

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The crista terminalis is the ridge that divides the original trabeculated part of the right atrium and the smooth-walled part (sinus venarum).

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25
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What is the primary function of the right ventricle?

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The right ventricle receives blood from the right atrium through the right atrioventricular (tricuspid) orifice and expels blood through the conus arteriosus (infundibulum) into the pulmonary trunk.

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What is the primary function of the left ventricle?

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The left ventricle receives blood from the left atrium through the left atrioventricular (bicuspid) orifice and expels blood through the aortic vestibule into the ascending aorta.

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What are the three layers of the heart wall, listed from superficial to deep?

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  1. Endocardium: A thin internal layer (endothelium) that lines the heart and its valves.
  2. Myocardium: A thick middle layer made of cardiac muscle.
  3. Epicardium: A thin external layer (mesothelium) formed by the visceral layer of the serous pericardium.
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What are the first branches of the ascending aorta?

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The right coronary artery (RCA) and left coronary artery (LCA) are the first branches of the ascending aorta, arising from the right and left aortic sinuses, respectively.

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What are the branches of the right coronary artery (RCA)?

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Right coronary artery (RCA) branches into the right marginal branch and the posterior interventricular branch.

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What branches does the left coronary artery (LCA) give rise to?

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The left coronary artery (LCA) branches into the left marginal branch, circumflex branch, and the anterior interventricular branch.

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what are the 2 types of distributions of coronary arteries

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Right dominant distribution (67-70%): RCA supplies the posterior interventricular septum.

Left dominant distribution (30-33%): LCA supplies the posterior interventricular septum.

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What is conventional coronary angiography and how is it performed?

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Conventional coronary angiography uses X-ray and radiopaque contrast media to visualize the lumen of the coronary arteries and their branches to detect occlusion.

A long, narrow catheter is typically passed into the ascending aorta via the femoral artery.

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What is non-invasive coronary angiography and how is it performed?

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Non-invasive coronary angiography uses CT or MRI to visualize coronary arteries.

It involves the reconstruction of multiple slides to create detailed images of the coronary vessels.

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What is ischemic heart disease, and how does it relate to coronary arteries?

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Ischemic heart disease (also known as coronary heart disease) is a condition where the coronary arteries become narrowed or blocked, reducing blood flow to the heart muscle (myocardium).

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what can ischemic heart disease lead to

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This condition can lead to insufficient blood supply and myocardial infarction (MI).

46
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What is the result of occlusion in the coronary arteries?

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Occlusion (blockage) of the coronary arteries can lead to myocardial infarction (MI), as the heart muscle no longer receives sufficient oxygenated blood.

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What is angina pectoris, and what does the term mean?

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Angina pectoris refers to pain originating in the heart due to reduced blood flow and oxygen to the myocardium (heart muscle).

The term is derived from Latin: “angina” means strangling pain, and “pectoris” means of the chest.

48
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What causes angina pectoris, and how is it typically relieved?

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Angina often results from coronary artery stenosis, which leads to reduced blood flow to the heart muscle.

It is typically relieved by 1-2 minutes of rest, but it serves as a warning sign of compromised coronary artery function.

49
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Where is the pain from angina pectoris usually felt?

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The pain is usually felt in the left pectoral region, radiating to the left shoulder and left arm (particularly on the medial aspect).

50
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What is a coronary bypass graft operation?

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A coronary bypass graft operation involves using a segment of an artery or vein to bypass the site of stenosis (narrowing) in a coronary artery, restoring proper blood flow.

51
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Which vein is typically chosen as a venous graft in coronary bypass surgery, and why?

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The great saphenous vein is typically chosen as a venous graft due to its similar lumen diameter, making it suitable for bypass and easy to harvest.

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What other artery is commonly used for coronary bypass surgery besides the saphenous vein?

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The internal mammary artery (IMA), also called the internal thoracic artery, is another common graft used for coronary bypass, providing a direct and effective route for bypass.

53
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What is coronary angioplasty?

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Coronary angioplasty is a procedure that uses a catheter with a small inflatable balloon at its tip to treat blocked coronary arteries. The balloon is inflated to dilate the artery, improving blood flow.

54
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How does coronary angioplasty help open obstructed coronary arteries?

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The dilation of the balloon increases the size of the lumen in the obstructed coronary artery, thereby allowing better blood flow through the vessel.

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What is typically used after a coronary angioplasty to maintain the dilation of the artery?

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An intravascular stent is typically used to maintain the dilation of the artery after the balloon is inflated, ensuring that the artery remains open.

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ACRS (9 decks)

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