Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ACRS > Respiratory System 1: Anatomy Introduction > Flashcards

Respiratory System 1: Anatomy Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

A

To conduct the passage of inhaled air, carry out gas exchange, and contribute to voice production.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where does gas exchange take place in the respiratory system?

A

In the lung alveoli through a network of branched tubes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What 4 structures are part of the upper respiratory tract?

A

The external nose and nasal cavity
The paranasal sinuses
The nasopharynx (upper portion of the pharynx)
The larynx (halfway down to the level of the vocal cords)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 3 secondary functions of the upper respiratory tract?

A

Warming, humidifying, and filtering inhaled air.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 4 components of the lower respiratory tract?

A

The lower half of the larynx
The trachea
The bronchial tree
The alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the thoracic inlet?

A

The thoracic inlet is the superior opening of the thoracic cavity, through which several structures pass.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Name the 7 structures that pass through the thoracic inlet.

A

Trachea
Oesophagus
Internal carotid arteries and internal jugular veins
Subclavian arteries and veins
Phrenic nerve
Vagus nerve
Brachial plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What major blood vessels pass through the thoracic inlet?

A

The internal carotid arteries, internal jugular veins, subclavian arteries, and subclavian veins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which nerves pass through the thoracic inlet?

A

The phrenic nerve, vagus nerve, and brachial plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why is the superior thoracic aperture called the “thoracic inlet”?

A

Because non-circulating substances like air and food enter the thorax through this aperture.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why is the superior thoracic aperture referred to as the “thoracic outlet” by clinicians?

A

Clinicians focus on the arteries emerging from the thorax through this aperture to enter the lower neck and upper limbs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS)?

A

TOS refers to conditions where structures emerging through the superior thoracic aperture (INLET!) are compressed or obstructed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the causes of TOS - Thoracic outlet syndrome

A

Causes include an extra (cervical) rib, clavicular fracture or apical lung cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the thoracic outlet?

A

The anatomical thoracic outlet is the inferior thoracic aperture, where the diaphragm attaches.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What structure attaches to the boundaries of the thoracic outlet?

A

The diaphragm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the costodiaphragmatic recess?

A

It is a narrow gap between the periphery of the diaphragm and the lower chest wall, acting as an extension of the pleural cavity where the lungs do not occupy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is another name for the costodiaphragmatic recess?

A

The phrenic angle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What 3 muscle layers adjacent to the costodiaphragmatic recess?

A

External intercostal muscle
Internal intercostal muscle
Innermost intercostal muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which anatomical structure is located directly above the costodiaphragmatic recess in the image?

A

The right lung.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is thoracocentesis?

A

It is a procedure to insert a needle through an intercostal space into the pleural cavity to obtain a sample of fluid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where is the needle inserted during thoracocentesis?

A

Into the costodiaphragmatic recess, between the 9th and 10th ribs (9th intercostal space) in the midaxillary line.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Why is the patient asked to exhale during thoracocentesis?

A

To avoid the inferior border of the lungs and reduce the risk of lung injury.

26
Q

What anatomical layers does the needle pass through during thoracocentesis?

A

External intercostal muscle
Internal intercostal muscle
Costal parietal pleura

27
Q

What is the diaphragm?

A

The diaphragm is a double-domed, musculotendinous partition that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities and is the primary muscle of respiration.

28
Q

what is the structure of the diaphragm

A

double-domed, musculotendinous partition

29
Q

What happens during diaphragm contraction?

A

Only its central part moves, while the peripheral part remains attached to the inferior margin of the thoracic cage and the superior lumbar vertebrae.

30
Q

label the diaphragm

A
31
Q

Into how many parts is the muscular portion of the diaphragm divided?

A

3

32
Q

What are the three parts of the muscular diaphragm?

A

Sternal part
Lumbar part
Costal part

33
Q

What is the sternal part of the diaphragm?

A

Two muscular slips that attach to the xiphoid process posteriorly.

34
Q

Where does the lumbar part of the diaphragm arise from?

A

The medial and lateral arcuate ligaments and the L1-L3 vertebrae.

35
Q

What does the costal part of the diaphragm attach to?

A

The internal surfaces of the inferior six costal cartilages and ribs.

36
Q

What does the lumbar part of the diaphragm form?

A

The right and left crura that ascend to the central tendon.

37
Q

What 3 arteries supply the superior surface of the diaphragm?

A

Pericardiacophrenic artery (from the internal thoracic artery)

Musculophrenic artery (from the internal thoracic artery)

Superior phrenic artery (from the thoracic aorta)

38
Q

What artery supplies the inferior surface of the diaphragm?

A

Inferior phrenic artery (from the abdominal aorta).

39
Q

What veins drain the superior surface of the diaphragm?

A

Pericardiacophrenic vein (drains into the internal thoracic vein)

Musculophrenic vein (drains into the internal thoracic vein)

Superior phrenic vein (drains into the IVC/azygos vein on the right and hemiazygos vein on the left)

40
Q

What veins drain the inferior surface of the diaphragm?

A

Inferior phrenic vein (drains into the IVC on the right and the suprarenal vein on the left).

41
Q

label the blood supplies of the diaphragm

A

remember:
I
P
M
S

I
A

(I Pee Myself Insh Allah)

42
Q

Which nerves primarily innervate the diaphragm?

A

The phrenic nerves (C3-C5).

43
Q

What types of fibers do the phrenic nerves convey to the diaphragm?

A

Both somatosensory and somatomotor fibers.

44
Q

How is the diaphragm divided in terms of innervation by the phrenic nerves?

A

Each phrenic nerve supplies the ipsilateral (same side) half of the diaphragm.

45
Q

Which nerves innervate the peripheral parts of the diaphragm near the ribs?

A

The intercostal nerves and subcostal nerve (T12).

46
Q

What is the difference between efferent and afferent fibers in diaphragm innervation?

A

Efferent fibers: Carry motor signals to the diaphragm for contraction.

Afferent fibers: Carry sensory information from the diaphragm to the spinal cord.

47
Q

Where does the diaphragm attach?

A

The diaphragm attaches to the boundaries of the inferior thoracic aperture and ascends to the central tendon.

Posteriorly, it attaches to the fascia covering the posterior abdominal muscles laterally and the vertebral column medially.

48
Q

What are the major ligaments associated with the diaphragm?

A

Median arcuate ligament
Medial arcuate ligament
Lateral arcuate ligament

49
Q

Which muscles are associated with the posterior attachments of the diaphragm?

A

Psoas major muscle
Quadratus lumborum muscle

50
Q

What are the three main openings in the diaphragm and their levels?

A

Caval opening
Oesophageal hiatus
Aortic hiatus

51
Q

What passes through the caval opening, and what is its function?

A

The inferior vena cava passes through at around T8 LEVEL

52
Q

How does the oesophagus pass through the diaphragm, and what is its significance?

A

The oesophagus passes through the oesophageal hiatus at T10 level via the muscular portion of the diaphragm

53
Q

where is the aortic hiatus located?

A

descending aorta T12 level

54
Q

label the openings in the diaphragm

A
55
Q

when the diaphragm contracts during inspiration, what is the function of the caval opening?

A

the opening expands during inspiration to facilitate blood flow back to the heart.

56
Q

when the diaphragm contracts during inspiration, what is the function of the oesophagus?

A

helps prevent reflux of stomach contents during inspiration

57
Q

Q: Why does the aortic hiatus at T12 level not impede blood flow during inspiration?

A

The descending aorta passes posterior to the diaphragm, so it is not affected by the diaphragm’s contractions.

58
Q

What structures pass through the caval opening of the diaphragm?

A

Inferior vena cava (IVC)
Right phrenic nerve

59
Q

What 3 structures pass through the oesophageal hiatus of the diaphragm?

A

Oesophagus
Anterior and posterior vagal trunks
Oesophageal branches (blood vessels)

60
Q

What 3 structures pass through the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm?

A

Descending aorta
Thoracic duct (from cisterna chyli)
Azygos vein

ACRS (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions