The Cardiovascular System

Question 1

What does the cardiovascular system contain? And what is its main function?

Answer 1

It contains the heart and all the arteries and veins. Its function is to transport oxygen, carbon and nutrients to the cells in the body.

Question 2

What is the job of arteries and veins?

Answer 2

Arteries will take highly oxygenated blood to the lungs and veins will take poorly oxygenated blood back to the heart.

Question 3

What are the 3 layers of pericardium?

Answer 3

Fibrous Layer: The outmost and thickest layer
Parietal Layer: Serous pericardium has 2 layers
Visceral Layer: The inner most layer

Question 4

What are the cuspid valves made of?

Answer 4

Chordae Tendineae

Question 5

What is sulcus?

Answer 5

It is a grove in the heart where major veins/arteries sit in, it is covered in fat for protection.

Question 6

What is the functions of self excitable cardiac muscle?

Answer 6

They are designed to tell the heart to contract.

Question 7

What is the SA node and it’s pathway?

Answer 7

It is the pacemaker of the heart, it can generate electrical signals and will send the signals to the AV node splitting into purkinje fibres.

Question 8

What are purkinje fibres?

Answer 8

They deliver signals to the ventricles leading to a coordinate contraction of the ventricles and papillary muscles.

Question 9

What are the branches of arteries as they leave the heart?

Answer 9

The elastic arteries, muscular arteries, arterioles and capillaries.

Question 10

What are the branches of veins as they leave the heart?

Answer 10

capillaries to small venule, medium and large veins

Question 11

What are the 3 layers of blood vessels?

Answer 11

The tunica interna, tunica media and tunica externa.

Question 12

What is the job of semilunar valves?

Answer 12

They help return blood to the heart because the veins cannot contract.

Question 13

What is the musculovenous pump?

Answer 13

It is a pump for when muscles contracts squishing the vein which can push blood back to the heart.

Question 14

What are the 3 branches of the aorta?

Answer 14

The brachiocepalic, the left common carotid and left subclavian artery.

Question 15

What is the articular pathway of the common carotid arteries?

Answer 15

They will split into the internal and external carotid arteries, the internal carotid will enter the cranial cavity to the oral cavity. The external will go from the side of the face to the maxillary and right superficial temporal artery.

Question 16

What is the articular pathway of the subclavian arteries?

Answer 16

The axillary artery, brachial artery, to the deep brachial artery, radial and medial artery.

Question 17

What is a palmer arch and what does it contain?

Answer 17

The superficial/deep arteries will join together to form the palmer arches called an anastomose.

Question 18

What is the pathway of the aorta?

Answer 18

Descending aorta crosses the diaphragm, abdominal aorta, right and left iliac artery..

Question 19

From the iliac arteries what is the articular pathway to the foot?

Answer 19

Common iliac artery, internal iliac artery, external iliac artery, femoral artery, popliteal artery, anterior/posterior tibial, dorsalis pedis and medial/lateral artery.

Question 20

What is the venous pathway from the medial/lateral planter vein to the inguinal ligament.

Answer 20

It will drain to the posterior tibial vein, fibular vein connecting anterior/superior to the popliteal vein, the femoral vein to the external iliac vein.

Question 21

What are the superficial veins called in the lower leg?

Answer 21

The great/small saphenous vein and femoral vein.

Question 22

How do visceral veins filtrate blood? What is it called?

Answer 22

Heptic portal circulation. It starts at the superior mesenteric vein, to the inferior draining into the splenic vein to the hepatic portal vein going to the liver.

Question 23

What is the pathway of the azygos veins to the inferior vena cava?

Answer 23

It runs down the vertebral column to the superior vena cava, visceral veins will also drain from the azygos. There is also the hemiazygos and accessory hemiazygos.

Question 24

Where does the cutaneous vein drain into?

Answer 24

It will drain into the cephalic vein, then into the axillary deep vein.

Question 25

What veins form the branchial vein?

Answer 25

The medial and radial veins.

Question 26

What is the venous pathway from the sinuses?

Answer 26

The superior and inferior sagittal sinuses to the straight sinus to the 2 transverse sinuses meeting the internal jugular vein.

Question 27

What is the internal jugular veins and its pathway?

Answer 27

It will connect to the subclavian vein to form the brachiocephalic vein connecting to the superior vena cava draining into the right atrium.

Question 28

What is the external jugular veins and its pathway?

Answer 28

They will drain into the subclavian vein to the brachiocephalic vein.