Respiratory System Flashcards
What is the function of the respiratory system?
It brings atmosphere oxygen to the body’s tissues and removes waste like CO2.
What are the components of the upper and lower respiratory system?
Upper: Nasal cavity/ nose, oral cavity the pharynx and upper part of the larynx.
Lower: Lower larynx, the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and lungs.
What are the 3 parts of the pharynx?
The nasopharynx, oropharynx and the laryngopharynx.
What is the nasal concha’s function?
It makes space in the nasal cavity called nasal meatuses which increase the surface area.
What is an olfactory receptor?
They bind smell particles connecting to cranial nerve 1 and tell the body what it is smelling.
What are the main tonsils and their function?
The pharyngeal tonsils, the palatine tonsils and the lingual tonsils, they protect the body from infections.
What is the paranasal sinuses?
They help humidify the air and have holes in their bones decreases the skulls weight.
Which bone makes up the larynx?
The hyoid bone.
What is the thyroid cartilage? And what does it attach to?
The thyroid cartilage is the largest cartilage that makes of the larynx made of 2 large plates and attaches to the laryngeal prominence.
Which cartilage has a full ring?
The cricoid cartilage is a full ring.
What is the purpose of the cricothyroid joint?
It creates a tilt forward/back movement that the vocal ligaments use in the production of sound.
What is artenoid cartilage?
It sits on top of the cricoid cartilage forming the cricoartenoid joint , there is a vocal process on the front and muscular process on the back.
What movement do the artenoid cartilage preform?
It performs abduction and adduction.
What affects pitch?
Having a larger laryngeal opening, slower vibrations and the tilt of the cricothyroid joint.
What is the glottis?
It is the space between the vocal folds.
What divides the right and left main bronchi?
The carina
What is the pathway of air from the trachea?
The right/left main bronchi, The lobar bronchi, segmental bronchi, to bronchioles, terminal bronchioles and respiratory bronchioles.
What are alveoli and their function?
They are thin walled sacs where gas exchanges occurs.
What are the 2 layers of pleural serous membrane?
The outer parietal pleura and the inner visceral pleura.
What is the purpose of the pleura cavity?
It’s purpose is meant for extra space for the lungs to expand when we breathe.
What is the root called where the parietal and visceral pleura meet?
The hilum
How many lobes do the right and left lung have?
The right has 3 (the superior, middle and inferior) and the left has 2 (the superior and inferior.
What is a fissure?
A fissure is what divides each lobe of the lung.
Which fissures divide each lobe?
The right: The oblique splits the superior and inferior, And the horizontal splits the middle and superior.
The left: The oblique fissure splits the superior and inferior.
