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MCAT Biology > The cardiovascular system > Flashcards

The cardiovascular system Flashcards

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1
Q

The right side of the heart pumps _____ blood while the left side pumps _____

A

Deoxygenated

Oxygenated

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2
Q

These two chambers of the heart are thin walled, accept blood from the the pulmonary veins or vena cavae, and pump it into the ventricles

A

Atria

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3
Q

These two chambers of the heart are muscular and thick walled, accept blood from the atria, and pump blood out through the pulmonary artery or aorta

A

Ventricles

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4
Q

What is the progression of blood through the heart? Starting with the vena cavae and ending with the aorta

A

Inferior and superior VC –> right atrium –> right ventricle –> pulmonary artery –> lungs –> pulmonary veins –> left atrium –> left ventricle –> aorta and to the rest of the body

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5
Q

This type of valve separates atria and ventricles

A

Atrioventricular valves

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6
Q

This valve separates the right atrium and ventricle

A

Tricuspid

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7
Q

This type of valve separate the vasculature system and ventricles

A

Semilunar valves

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8
Q

This valve separates the left atrium and ventricle

A

Mitral/bicuspid

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9
Q

This valve separates the right ventricle from pulmonary circulation

A

The pulmonary valve

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10
Q

This valve separates the left ventricle from the aorta

A

Aortic valve

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11
Q

What is the order of electrical conduction in the heart? Starting with the SA node and ending with the Purkinje fibers

A

SA node –> AV node –> Bundle of HIS –> Purkinje fibers

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12
Q

This node acts as the natural pace maker and, without input from the brain, stimulates the heart to beat 60-100 bpm

A

SA node

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13
Q

This node connects the electrical activity of the atria and ventricles and allows the ventricles to fill with blood

A

AV node (atrioventricular node)

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14
Q

This part of the electrical system is located between the ventricles and carriers the electrical stimulation down into the Purkinje fibers

A

Bundle of His

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15
Q

This part of the electrical system branches into the heart muscle (specifically the ventricular walls) in order to distribute the charge

A

Purkinje fibers

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16
Q

During systole blood is pumped ____ the ventricles and pressure ___

A

Out of

Increases

17
Q

During diastole blood is pumped ___ the ventricles and pressure ___

A

Into the ventricles from the atrium

Decreases

18
Q

How is cardiac output calculated?

A

CO= Heart rate * stroke volume

19
Q

This type of blood vessel normally carries oxygenated blood away from the heart and lungs, and is very high in smooth muscle and elastic

A

Arteries

20
Q

This type of blood vessel is thin walled and inelastic, but is still able to stretch out to accommodate large volumes of bloods. It relies on valves and skeletal muscle to pump blood against gravity

A

Veins

21
Q

This type of blood vessel is so small, RBC’s have to proceed in a single file line. They have very thin walls that allow for diffusion of gas, waste, and nutrients, and are the primary interface of communication with tissues (so things like hormones can get into the blood)

A

Capillaries

22
Q

What are portal systems?

A

They are systems where blood passes through two capillary systems instead of one, like normal

23
Q

This type of blood cell contains hemoglobin, lacks organelles and is biconcave in order to easily fit through capillaries. They cannot divide and only carry out glycolysis with ATP. In their immature forms, they’re called erthyroblasts

A

Erthyrocytes (Red blood cells)

24
Q

This type of blood cell defends against pathogens and can be broken down into two categories: ganrulocytes that are toxic to microbes and stimulate the inflammation response, and agranulocytes that act as primary immune responders or through long-term memory

A

Leukocytes (white blood cells)

25
Q

This type of blood cell is made of fragments of bone marrow cells and is used for clotting

A

Thrombocytes (platelets)

26
Q

What does the Bohr effect say about hemoglobin and CO2?

A

It explains how hemoglobins affinity changes as a result of changing blood pH and [CO2]. When [CO2] increases, hemoglobin has a lower affinity for O2

27
Q

When hemoglobin has a ____ affinity for O2, it doesn’t like to let it go

A

High

28
Q

When hemoglobin has a ____ affinity for O2, it readily lets it go

A

Low

29
Q

Plasma is the ____ portion of blood and contains things like gases, salt, hormones and protein

A

Liquid

30
Q

This type of fluid balance is defined as the force per unit area that blood exerts on vessel walls and is commonly measured as blood pressure

A

Hydrostatic

31
Q

This type of fluid balance is defined as the “sucking” of solutes trying to draw water into the blood stream and is mostly attributed to plasma proteins

A

Osmotic

(Pertains to water –> changes in osmosis)

MCAT Biology (10 decks)

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