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Block 5 module 3 > The Brainstem > Flashcards

The Brainstem Flashcards

1
Q

the brainstem is made up of

A

medulla oblongata
pons
midbrain

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2
Q

the brainstem occupies the ________ of the skull

A

posterior cranial fossa

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3
Q

the brainstem extends from the _______ to the __________

A

pyramidal decussation to the posterior commisure

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4
Q

blood supply of the brainstem

A

vertebrobasilar

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5
Q

the brainstem contains all the important nuclei of CN ____

A

3-12

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6
Q

the brainstem contains important reflex centers associated with the control of _____

A

respiration and the CV system and control of consciousness

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7
Q

smallest and least differentiated division of brainstem

A

midbrain (mesencephalon)

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8
Q

the midbrain comprises 2 lateral halves called the

A

cerebral peduncles

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9
Q

the midbrain is divided into

A

anterior crus cerebri and posterior tegmentum

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10
Q

the midbrain mediates what reflexes

A

auditory and visual

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11
Q

the midbrain contains

A

substantia nigra

largest nucleus of Mb and paramedian reticular formation

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12
Q

the midbrain extends from the _____ to the _____

A

superior medullary velum to the posterior commisure

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13
Q

3 parts of midbrain

A
  1. Tectum
  2. Tegmentum
  3. Crura Cerebri
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14
Q

the tectum lie dorsal to

A

cerebral aqueduct

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15
Q

the tectum is formed by

A

2 pairs of colliculi and corpora qaudrigemina

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16
Q

the superior and inferior colliculi together with the corpora qaudrigemina forms the

A

tectum

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17
Q

contain neurons that receive visual as

well as other input and serve ocular reflexes

A

superior colliculi

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18
Q

involved in auditory reflexes and in

determining side on which sound originates

A

inferior colliculi

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19
Q

round eminences on posterior

surface.

A

corpora quadrigemina

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20
Q

central part of the midbrain

A

tegmentum

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21
Q

the tegmentum is ventral to

A

cerebral aqueduct

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22
Q

the tegmentum contains

A
  1. oculomotor nuclei
  2. mesenphalic
  3. reticular formation
    red nuclei
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23
Q

the red nucleus receives

A

crossed efferent fibers from cerebellum

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24
Q

the red nucleus is characterized by

A

pinkish yellow color (high vascularization)

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25
Q

the red nucleus sends fibers to

A

thalamus and contralateral spinal cord

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26
Q

the red nucleus is an important component for

A

motor coordination

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27
Q

this contains descending cortical projections

A

crura cerebri

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28
Q

the crura cerebri contains _______ projections

A

descending cortical

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29
Q

this contributes to the formation of crossed tectospinal tracts

A

colliculi

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30
Q

the colliculi contributes to the formation of

A

crossed tectospinal tracts

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31
Q

deep depression in the midline

A

interpeduncular fossa

32
Q

boundary of interpeduncular fossa

A

crus cerebri

33
Q

region where many small

blood vessels perforate the floor of interpeduncular fossa

A

Posterior perforated substance

34
Q

emerges from a groove on medial

side of crus ceribri

A

occulomotor nerve

35
Q

Separates tectum from tegmentum

A

Cerebral aqueduct

36
Q

Separates midbrain tegmentum from crus cerebri

A

Substantia nigra

37
Q

Contains descending autonomic tracts, endorphinproducing

cells (suppress pain)

A

Periaqueductal Gray matter

38
Q

Contains efferent fibers from dentate nucleus of cerebellum

to opposite red nucleus and vental spinocerebellar tracts

A

Superior Cerebellar Peduncle

39
Q

the inferior colliculus forms part of the

A

auditory pathway

40
Q

superior colliculus forms part of the

A

visual reflexes

41
Q

what connects the superior colliculus to the lateral geniculate body

A

superior brachium

42
Q

the pons contains

A

auditory relay nuclei and vestibular nuclei

43
Q

the pons is connected to the cerebellum by

A

middle cerebellar peduncle

44
Q

the facial and abducens nucleus forms the

A

facial colliculus

45
Q

CN found in pons

A

5-8

46
Q

the dorsal tegmental portion of the pons is a continuation of the

A

reticular formation of the medulla oblongata

47
Q

in the lower part of the pons are collected into a distinct

strand, named the

A

trapezoid body.

48
Q

In the substance of the trapezoid body is a collection of

nerve cells, which constitutes the

A

trapezoid nucleus

49
Q

continuous with those of the medulla oblongata

A

longitudinal fibers

50
Q

small mass of gray substance situated on the dorsal

surface of the lateral part of the trapezoid body

A

superior olivary nucleus

51
Q

most caudal segment of the brainstem

A

medulla oblongata

52
Q

appearance of pyramids on anterior surface partially

obliterates the

A

anterior median fissure

53
Q

swelling on each side of the median fissure,

A

pyramid

54
Q

the pyramid is composed of

A

bundles of nerve fibers and corticospinal fibers

55
Q

oval elevations produced by underlying inferior olivary

nuclei

A

olives

56
Q

emerge from the groove between pyramid

and olive

A

hypoglossal nerve

57
Q

the hypoglossal nerve emerge from

A

groove between pyrmaid and olive

58
Q

posterior to olives, connect

medulla to cerebellum

A

inferior cerebellar peduncles

59
Q

elongated swelling produced by gracile

nucleus

A

gracile tubercle

60
Q

swelling lateral to gracile tubercle, produced

by underlying cuneate nucleus

A

cuneate tubercle

61
Q

the supraspinal nucleus is composed of

A

somatic motor neurons extending to the lower medulla

62
Q

the fiber tracts of white matter have the same arrangements as in

A

cervical spinal segments

63
Q

a stalk-like bundle of fibers containing 1 or

more axon tracts.

A

peduncle

64
Q

all fibers of the inferior cerebellar peduncle are ______ to the ______

A

afferent to the cerebellum

65
Q

Cell groups lying along the midline of medulla, pons, and

midbrain.

A

raphe nuclei

66
Q

the raphe nuclei and midbrain are sources of

A

ascending projections

67
Q

tectospinal tract mediates ________ in

response to____ stimuli

A

reflex postural movements; visual and auditory

68
Q

the corticoreticular fibers terminate in

A

portions of the pons and medulla

69
Q

the cerebelloreticular fibers terminate in the

A

paramedian reticular nuclei

70
Q

the cerebelloreticular fibers originate from

A

fastigial and dentate nuclei

71
Q

the central tegmental tract terminate in

A

intralaminar and thalamic nuclei

72
Q

the central tegmental tract plays an important role in

A

mechanism of arousal and sleep

73
Q

caused when one hemisphere swells and pushes the

cingulate gyrus by the falx cerebri

A

cingulate or subfalcine herniation

74
Q

consist of caudal displacement of the diencephalon,

midbrain and pons

A

central herniation

75
Q

ncrease pressure to the cerebellar fossa

causes the cerebellum to move up through the tentorial opening

A

cerebellar herniation

76
Q

The cerebellar tonsils herniate through the foramen in

magnum in

A

tonsillar herniation

77
Q

in tonsillar herniation the cerebellar tonsils herniate through the

A

foramen magnum

Block 5 module 3 (7 decks)

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