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Block 5 module 3 > Olfactory > Flashcards

Olfactory Flashcards

1
Q

the olfactory system lies in the __________ of each nostril

A

superior part

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2
Q

olfactory mucosa is innervated by _____

A

CN I & V

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3
Q

CN responsible for irrtitative character of some odorants

A

CNV trigeminal

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4
Q

Receptor cells for smell sensation are _______

A

olfactory cells

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5
Q

glia like supporting cells of the olfactory system

A

sustentacular cells

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6
Q

These are found among the olfactory cells and they secrete mucus onto the _______

A

Bowman’s glands; olfactory membrane surface

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7
Q

These cells continue to divide to produce new olfactory receptor cells that have short life spans

A

basall cells

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8
Q

Basal cells produce

A

olfactory receptor cells

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9
Q

the ones that respond to olfactory chemical stimuli

A

Olfactory Cilia

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10
Q

odor qualities that can be sensed

A 
floral
ethereal
musky
camphor
putrid
pungent
pepperminty
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11
Q

olfactory cilia have _______ long molecules that thread their way thru the membrane about 7 times

A

receptor proteins

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12
Q

the inside folding of receptor proteins is coupled to a ________ made of ______

A

G-proteins; 3 subunits

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13
Q

What are olfactory bulb and tract

A

anterior outgrowths of brain tissue from the brain’s base

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14
Q

anterior
outgrowths of brain tissue from the brain’s
base.

A

olfactory bulb and tract

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15
Q

the olfactory bulb lies over the _______

A

cribriform plate

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16
Q

the olfactory bulb separates the ______ from the _______

A

brain cavity from the upper nasal cavity

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17
Q

These allow small nerves to pass from the olfactory membrane to the olfactory bulb

A

cribriform plate perforations

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18
Q

the cribriform plate perforations allow small nerves to pass from________ to ______

A

olfactory membrane to olfactory bulb

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19
Q

where does the olfactory cells’ axon terminate

A

globular glomeruli within the olfactory bulb

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20
Q

principal cells of the olfactory bulb

A

mitral cells

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21
Q

olfactory cells are ______ and _____

A

excitatory and glutaminergic

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22
Q

the mitral cells project through the __________ and ________ to the ______ and _______

A

olfactory tract and lateral olfactory stria to the

primary olfactory cortex and amygdala.

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23
Q

Mitral & tufted cell bodies lie in the _______ superior to the ________.

A

olfactory bulb; glomeruli

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24
Q

a junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter

A

synapse

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25
Q

what are synapses

A

junction between 2 nerve cells with a minute gap where impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter

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26
Q

the dendrites of mitral and tufted cell bodies receive synapses from

A

olfactory neurons

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27
Q

inhibitory neurons connecting 1 glomerulus to another

A

periglomerular cells

28
Q

these make reciprocal synapses with mitral and tufted cells

A

granule cells

29
Q

olfactory bulbs contain _______ and _______

A

periglomerular cells and granule cells

30
Q

mitral or tufted cells excite granule cells by releasing _____

A

glutamate

31
Q

what inhibit mitral or tufted cells

A

granule cells

32
Q

the mitral or tufted cells release glutamate to

A

excite granule cells

33
Q

odorant substance binds with _________ in the ___________

A

receptor proteins; olfactory cilium membrane

34
Q

on excitation of receptor protein what happens then

A

an alpha subunit breaks away from the G-protein

35
Q

alpha subunit activates _______ attached to the inside of the ciliary membrane near the receptor cell body

A

adenylyl cyclase

36
Q

what does the adenylyl cyclase do

A

converts ATP to cAMP

37
Q

cAMP activates

A

gated sodium ion channel

38
Q

Na ions increase ______ in the ______ direction

A

electrical potential; positive

39
Q

olfactory neuron excitation and AP transmission into CNS via ______-

A

olfactory nerve

40
Q

_______ are the only substances that can be sniffed into the nostrils can be smelled

A

volatile substances

41
Q

Stimulating substances must be atleast

A

slightly water soluble and slightly lipid soluble

42
Q

why stimulating substances must be lipid soluble

A

lipid constituents of the cilium are a weak barrier to nonlipid soluble odorants

43
Q

rate of olfactory nerve impulses corresponds to

A

logarithm of stimulus strength

44
Q

olfactory receptors adapt about _______ in the 1st second after stimulation

A

50%

45
Q

where does most additional adaptation to smell occurs

A

within the CNS

46
Q

Where does centrifugal nerve fibers pass and its direction along the olfactory tract

A

olfactory regions of the brain; backward

47
Q

centrifugal nerve fibers terminate on ______ in the ______

A

special inhibitory granule cells in the olfactory bulb

48
Q

What happens to CNS after onset of olfactory stimulus

A

it develops strong feedback inhibition to suppress relay of smell signals through the olfactory bulb

49
Q

smell is concerned more with detecting ______ than _____

A

presence or absence of odors than quantitative detection of intensities

50
Q

Part of the brain that originally subserved

olfaction evolved into the

A

limbic system

51
Q

ipsilateral olfactory trigone aka

A

olfactory tubercle

52
Q

integrated signals pass along the olfactory tract and centrally diverge to the ______ or terminate in the _______. axons then project to the _______

A

anterior commisure; ipsilateral olfactory trigone; primary olfactory cortex, entorhinal cortex and amygdala

53
Q

Brodman’s area for primary olfactory cortex

A

34

54
Q

the brimary olfactory cortex overlies the

A

uncus

55
Q

olfactory tract enters the brain at the _________, between _____ and ______-

A

anterior junction between mesencephalon and cerebrum

56
Q

the olfactory tract divides into pathways, one going to _______ and the other to _______

A

medial olfactory area; lateral olfactory area

57
Q

the septal nuclei feed into the ______ and _____

A

hypothalamus and other primitive limbic system portions

58
Q

this feed into the hypothalamus &

other primitive limbic system portions

A

septal nuclei

59
Q

medial olfactory area aka

A

very old olfactory system

60
Q

lateral olfactory area aka

A

less old olfactory area

61
Q

lateral olfactory area is composed of

A

prepyriform cortex and cortical portion of the amygdaloid nuclei

62
Q

the lateral olfactory area does not pass through the

A

thalamus

63
Q

only area that does not pass first

through the thalamus.

A

lateral olfactory area

64
Q

inability to smell

A

anosmia

65
Q

diminished olfactory sensitivity

A

hposmia or hypesthesia

66
Q

hyperosmia

A

enhanced olfactory sensivity

67
Q

this may cause olfactory hallucinations

A

lesions in the parahippocampal uncus

Block 5 module 3 (7 decks)

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