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Block 5 module 3 > hearing > Flashcards

hearing Flashcards

1
Q

first portion of the ear to develop is the

A

inner ear

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2
Q

inner ear begins to form at _____ after fertilization as a thickening of the surface ectoderm, called
_______ that appear on either side of the
________.

A

22 days; otic placodes

rhombencephalon (hindbrain)

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3
Q

otic placodes invaginate quickly to form the

A

otic pits

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4
Q

The otic pits pinch off from the surface
ectoderm to form the ________ within the
______of the head.

A

otic vesicles; mesenchyme

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5
Q

middle ear develops from

A

1st pharyngeal puch

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6
Q

auditory ossicles develop from

A

1st and 2nd pharyngeal arches

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7
Q

external ear develops from

A

1st pharyngeal cleft

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8
Q

separates the middle ear and external ear

A

tympanic membrane

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9
Q

this collects sound waves and conducts them to the tympanic membrane

A

external ear

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10
Q

parts of external ear

A

auricle

external auditory canal

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11
Q

middle ear conveys sound vibrations to the ________

A

oval window

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12
Q

this conveys sound vibrations to the oval window

A

middle ear

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13
Q

middle ear serves as an _______ and _______ matching device

A

amplifier and impedance

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14
Q

middle ear receives sensory innervation mediated by

A

CN IX

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15
Q

parts of middle ear

A

tympanic cavity
tympanic membrane
auditory ossicles
eustachian tube

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16
Q

the internal ear houses the receptors for

A

hearing and equilibrium

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17
Q

the internal ear is derived from _____ of the _____

A

otic placode of the rhombencephalon

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18
Q

the internal ear is located within the ________ of the ______

A

bony labyrinth of the temporal bone

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19
Q

part of internal ear

A

labyrinth

vestibule and organ of conti

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20
Q

parts of outer ear

A

auricle (pinna)

external auditory meatus

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21
Q

the outer 1/3 of the EAC is surrounded by ______ and the outer 2/3 is by

A

cartilage

mastoid bone

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22
Q

function of EAC

A

allows air to warm before reaching TM and isolates TM from physical damage

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23
Q

the tympanic membrane changes _____ to ______ energy

A

acoustic to mechanical energy

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24
Q

3 layers of tympanic membrane

A
  1. outer squamous
  2. middle fibrous
  3. inner mucosal
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25
Q

these conduct sound waves from the TM to the oval window of the inner ear

A

audtiory ossicles

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26
Q

auditory ossicles

A

malleus, incus and stapes

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27
Q

skeletal musscles attached to the auditory ossicles

A

tensor tympani and stapedius

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28
Q

attachment of stapedius muscle

A

stapes

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29
Q

the stapedius muscle contracts in response to loud sounds this is

A

acoustic reflex

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30
Q

built in earplugs

A

stapedius muscle

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31
Q

absent acoustic reflex could signal

A

conductive loss or marked sensorineural loss

32
Q

the middle ear functions as an impedance matching device by

A

amplifying the sound pressure

33
Q

Mucous-lined, connects middle ear cavity to

nasopharynx

A

eustachian tube

34
Q

the eustachian tube connects the _______ to ______

A

mid ear to nasopharynx

35
Q

function of eustachian tube to middle ear

A

it equalizes air pressure on both sides of the ear drum

36
Q

the eustachian tube is normally

A

closed

37
Q

functions of eustachian tube

A
  1. ventilates tympanic cavity and air cells
  2. equalizes pressure diff b/n tympanic cavity and atmosphere
  3. drain mid ear spaces
  4. creates a barrier to ascending infection
38
Q

the cochlea houses the

A

organ of corti

39
Q

end organ of hearing

A

organ of corti

40
Q

where hair cells attach

A

tectorial membrane

41
Q

the osseous labyrinth contains

A

perilymph

42
Q

perilymph is located at

A

osseous labyrinth

43
Q

membranous labyrinth contains

A

endolymph

44
Q

endolymph is located at

A

membranous labyrinth

45
Q

most effective
sound waves are those that are transmitted
across the ___ and the ______ to the
oval window

A

drumhead; ossicles

46
Q

As the sound pressure displaces the perilymph,
it results in _______, and a traveling wave is propagated
from the base to the apex of the _____

A

deformation of the basilar

membrane; cochlea

47
Q

Displacement of the basilar membrane causes

A

movement of the Organ of Corti and its hair cells

48
Q

The fluid-filled cochlea tends to ____ as they progress down its length, so that
waves dissipate before reaching the _______

A

dampen the

waves; helicotrema

49
Q

Mechanical energy of the stapes footplate

motion is converted into

A

electrical impulse

50
Q

acoustic energy in the form of sound waves, is

channeled into the ear canal by the

A

pinna

51
Q

Malleus, which is attached to the TM, starts

A

the

ossicles in motion

52
Q

stapes moves in and out of the ________ creating a fluid motin or hydraulic energy

A

oval window of the cochlea

53
Q

auditory pathway

A
  1. 8th nerve
  2. cochlear nuclei
  3. superior olivary
  4. nucleus
  5. lateral lemniscus
  6. inferiour colliculus
  7. medial geniculate body
  8. auditory cortex
54
Q

where all or almost all the auditor fibers

synapse.

A

inferior colliculus

55
Q

The Auditory cortex is within the ______ lobe

of the brain

A

temporal

56
Q

tolerable sound is from _____ to _____-

A

0-140 dB

57
Q

pitch is related to a sound’s _______

A

vibration frequency

58
Q

pitch is measured in

A

cycles per second

59
Q

sound characterized by a definite pitch

of harmonic combination of pitches

A

tone

60
Q

process wherein the perception of a
sound event can be diminished by other
simultaneous or near -simultaneous sound
events

A

masking

61
Q

low frequency is stimulated at

A

apex of cochlea

62
Q

high frequency is stimulated at

A

base of cochlea

63
Q

refers to the maintenance of the
position of the body (mainly the head) relative to the
force of gravity.

A

static equilibrium

64
Q

maintenance of body
position (mainly the head) in response to rotational
acceleration or deceleration

A

dynamic equilibrium

65
Q

receptor organs for equilibrium

A

vestibular apparatus

66
Q

vestibular apparatus includes

A

semicircular ducts
utricle
saccule

67
Q

the semicircular ducts contain

A

cristae

68
Q

semicircular ducts is the site of hair cells for _______

A

dynamic equilibrium

69
Q

the utricle and saccule contains ____, site of hair cells for ______

A

macula, static equilibrium

70
Q

mechanic of balance involves

A

inner ear
retina of the eye
musculoskeletal
CNS

71
Q

the semicircular canals are sensitive to ______

A

rotation (angular acceleration)

72
Q

sensitive to linear motion and to changes in head position relative to gravity

A

otolith organs

73
Q

utriculus (utricle) is located in the

A

horizontal plane of the head

74
Q

saccule is located in the

A

vertical plane

75
Q

functions of the sense of equilibrium

A

spatial orientation
balance control
visual image stabilization

76
Q

fast,

uncontrollable movements of the eyes

A

nystagmus

Block 5 module 3 (7 decks)

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