gustatory Flashcards
3 epithelial cells present
- supportive/ sustentacular cells
- gustatory receptor cells
- Basal cells
tips of gustatory receptor cells are covered with
microvilli
The microvilli contain ____ and are devoid of
sites that bind tatants; axons
stem cells found at the
periphery of the taste bud near the
connective tissue layer.
basal cells
basal cells produce ______ which then develop into _____
supporting cells; gustatory receptor cells
any stimulus that can be tasted
tastant
tastants can be pereived by
small ion channels and g protein coupled receptors (GPCRs)
small ion channels perceive
salty and sour tastes
GPCRs perceive
sweet or bitter tastes
bitter tastes signals
poisons
sour taste detects
harmful acids
sweetness and saltiness proves intake of survival
necessary Na and sugar
intensity of osur taste is proportional to the
log of H ion conc
sour tastes is caused by
acids
mainly responsible for salty taste
cations of salts esp Na cations
most of the substances that cause sweet taste are
organic chemicals
2 classes of substances to cause bitter taste sensations
- long chain organic substances that contain Nitrogen
2. alkaloids
umami is the dominant taste of food containing
L-glutamate
circular structures mound like structures surrounded by a trench
circumvallate
the circumvallate form _________ on the posterior portion of the tongue
inverted V
mushroom shaped found on the flat anterior surface of the tongue
fungiform papillae
locations where the primary taste sensations are perceived
- circumvallate
- fungiform papillae M
- foliate papillae M
- tonsillar pillars (few)
- epiglottis and proximal esophagous
pointed,
threadlike, small structures and provide
most of the bumpy appearance of the tongue
filiform papillae
CN- anterior 2/3 of tongue
CN VII Facial nerve
Facial nerve exits the brainstem in the
cerebellopontine angle
Facial nerve exits facial canal and skull via
stylomastoid foramen
posterior 1/3 of tongue
CN IX glossopharyngeal
CN IX mediates
taste, salivation and swallowing
CN IX exits the skull via the
jugular foramen
CN IX exits the skull via the jugular foramen togeter with
X and XI
location of vagus nerve
epiglottis
CN X mediates
phonation , swallowing, elevation of the palate and taste
CN X exits the brainstem (medulla) from the
postolivary sulcus
primarily responsible for taste perception
gustatory cortex
the gustatory cortex is located at the
rostral and lateral regions of the nucleus tractus solitarii
gustatory cortex consists of
- anterior insula on the insular lobe
2. frontal operculum
Taste impulses from the anterior two thirds of the
tongue pass first into the _______ then
through the ______ into the ________,
and finally into the _________ in the brain
stem.
lingual nerve
chorda tympani
facial nerve
tractus solitarius
Taste sensations from the circumvallate papillae on
the back of the tongue and from other posterior
regions of the mouth and throat are transmitted
through the ________ into the
__________,
glossopharyngeal nerve
tractus solitarius
Taste perception is ________
and is controlled by
chemosensory neurons in the GC.
concentration dependent
Constant weak application of one stimulus
_______perception
strengthens
The taste of one food affects the taste of
another. this is an example of
cross adaptation
Sensation of odour perceived when
chewing and swallowing, as the odorant in
the mouth is forced upwards behind the
palate into the nose
retronasal olfaction
Combination of true taste (from the taste
buds) and retronasal olfaction
flavour
flavour is a combination of ________ and _______
true taste and retronasal olfaction
