The Brain (Localisation)^

Question 1

Localisation VS Holistic Theory

Answer 1

Broca & Wernicke
- diff part of brain have diff functions
- if one is damaged, then their function is impaired
Holistic Theory
- all of the brain is involved in all processes

Question 2

Motor Area

Answer 2

Frontal Cortex
controls voluntary movement

Question 3

Somatosensory area

Answer 3

Parietal Cortex
sensory info detected from receptors (skin)

Question 4

Visual Area

Answer 4

Occipital
eye sends info from right to left visual cortex

Question 5

Auditory Area

Answer 5

Temporal Cortex
speech based info
if damanged - hearing loss, cant comprehend lang

Question 6

Contralateral

Answer 6

opposite sided

Question 7

Ipsilateral

Answer 7

same sided

Question 8

Phineas Gage

Answer 8

metal rode to the head
changed his personality
- calm to tempered
Conclusion
- frontal lobe responsible for regulating mood
Supports localisation
- confirms diff part of the brain have diff functions

Question 9

Broca

Answer 9

left frontal lobe
language production
Broca’s aphasia - damage
- slow, slurred, not fluent speech

Question 10

Wernicke

Answer 10

left temporal lobe
language comprehension
Wernicke’s aphasia
- lack of understanding
- fluent but meaningless

Question 11

Evidence from Neurosurgery

Answer 11

last resort for treating medical conditions that the parts of the brain are responsible for.

Dougherty et al- studied patients who did neurosurgery for OCD
: cingulate gyrus
- 30% = sucessfull response
- 14% = partial success
Supports localisation
- once operated, no OCD
:not 100% as OCD have other origins (envi)

Question 12

Evidence from Brain Scans

Answer 12

Petersen et al
- Wernicke’s area = listening tast
- Broca’s = reading
Buckner & Peterson
- semantic and episodic memories are located in diff regions
- objective, scientific measures prove functions are localised

Question 13

VS Evidence from Brain Scans

Answer 13

Lashley
- removed between 10 to 50% of the cortex in rats
- learned to navigate a maze
- didnt impact ability to learn the route
- higher cognitive processes are more holistic that localised

Question 14

Language Localisation Organisation

Answer 14

DIck & Tremblay

• lang may not be localised to Broca’s or Wernicke
  FMRIs show that lang is distributed more holistically
• right hemisphere is involved with the thalamus
  : contradicts the localisation theory