The Brain and Cranial Nerves

Question 1

What is considered the higher brain, and account for 60% of the entire brain mass?

Answer 1

The Cerebrum

Question 2

What is the cerebrum responsible for?

Answer 2

Higher mental processes, such as thoughts and intentions

Question 3

What is on the outside of the cerebrum?

Answer 3

The cerebral cortex - Grey Matter

Question 4

What is underneath the Grey Matter?

Answer 4

White Matter is on the inside

Question 5

What divides the right from the left cerebral hemisphere?

Answer 5

The longitudinal fissure

Question 6

What are the lines called that you can see in the brain?

Answer 6

a sulcus

Question 7

What are the raised ridges that you can see in the brain?

Answer 7

a gyrus

Question 8

What separates the parietal lobe from the frontal lobe?

Answer 8

The Central Sulcus

Question 9

Functions of the frontal lobe:

Answer 9

controls voluntary skeletal muscles, has an area for concentration, and responsible for complex problem solving

Question 10

Functions of the parietal lobe:

Answer 10

sensory areas responsible for temperature, touch, pressure, anything recepted from the skin, helps us understand speech, and the ability for us to use words to express thoughts and feelings

Question 11

Functions of the occipital lobe:

Answer 11

for vision, combining visual and sensory experiences

Question 12

Functions of the temporal lobe:

Answer 12

governs hearing, memory of a visual scene, helps us process music and other complex sensory patterns

Question 13

Describe the Split-Brain function:

Answer 13

Right hemisphere governs the left hemisphere. The left hemisphere governs right hemisphere.

Question 14

If you’re a right-brain oriented person, you’re good at:

Answer 14

Music, arts and the imagination

Question 15

If you’re a left-brain oriented person, you’re good at:

Answer 15

Numerical skills, computational skill and logic

Question 16

Where is the Diencephalon located in the brain?

Answer 16

underneath the cerebrum

Question 17

2 parts of the Diencephalon:

Answer 17

1) Thalamus

2) Hypothalamus

Question 18

Functions of the Thalamus:

Answer 18

A relay station for sensory information that is on its way to the cerebral cortex. Precisely identifies and localizes a sense in the body. Influences one’s body movement when one fearful or angry.

Question 19

Functions of the Hypothalamus:

Answer 19

Temperature, hunger and thirst regulation center. Controls and integrates the autonomic nervous system. Figures out wether a problem should be responded with the nervous system or the endocrine system.

Question 20

Function of the Midbrain:

Answer 20

Connects the lower and upper brain. Helps keep track of objects that move.

Question 21

The Pons has areas specifically for:

Answer 21

respiration, sleep, muscle tone and coordination

Question 22

Medulla Oblongata 3 vital reflux centers:

Answer 22

1) Cardiac Center: influences heart rate
2) Vasomotor Center: influences blood vessel diameter
3) Inspiratory Center: paces breathing in and out during sneezing, coughing, vomiting, and swallowing

Question 23

Functions of the Cerebellum:

Answer 23

Plays a role in proprioception, equilibrium balance, has the ability to monitor intentions, keeps track of body positions and works with antagonistic (coordinating) muscle pairing.

Question 24

Things that protect the brain:

Answer 24

1) The Skull (cranial bone)
2) Meninges: Dura mater, Arachnoid mater, pia mater
3) Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) in the subarachnoid space

Question 25

What is the Blood-Brain Barrier?

Answer 25

Allows separation of blood from the brain, and selects what can move across.

Question 26

What kind of cells are in the blood-brain barrier?

Answer 26

endothelial cells, kind of glued to gather, forming tight junctions.

Question 27

What level of glucose does the brain allow through?

Answer 27

100 micrograms per liter.

Thus the blood-brain barrier selectively chooses which glucose molecules to bring across.

Question 28

What can diffuse easily over the barrier?

Answer 28

oxygen, alcohol…

Question 29

How is Cerebrospinal Fluid made?

Answer 29

By allowing certain molecules into the brain.