The Brain

Question 1

Cerebrum

Answer 1

The largest part of the brain which composes both the left and right hemispheres. It is responsible for performing higher functions

Question 2

Cerebellum

Answer 2

Located under the cerebrum, this portion of the brain is responsible for coordination between movements, maintaining posture, and balance

Question 3

Brainstem

Answer 3

Acting as a relay center between the cerebrum & cerebellum and the spinal cord, this portion of the brain is responsible for many automatic bodily functions

Question 4

Frontal lobe

Answer 4

This brain lobe is responsible for:
Personality, behavior, emotions
Judgement, planning, problem solving
Speech (speaking and writing)
Body movement
Intelligence, concentration, self-awareness

Question 5

Parietal lobe

Answer 5

This brain lobe is responsible for:
Interpreting language
Sense of touch, pain, and temperature
Interpreting vision, hearing, sensory, and memory
Spatial and visual perception

Question 6

Occipital lobe

Answer 6

This brain lobe is responsible for:
Interpreting vision (color, light, movement)

Question 7

Temporal lobe

Answer 7

This brain lobe is responsible for:
Understanding language
Memory
Hearing
Sequencing and organization

Question 8

Broca’s area

Answer 8

This area lies in the left frontal lobe, if damaged, a patient may have issues with producing speech or writing, though still be able to understand speech and writing

Question 9

Wernicke’s ares

Answer 9

This area lies int he left temporal lobe, if damaged a patient may have issues understanding speech and therefore may speak in long, meaningless sentences, add unnecessary words, or make up new words do to the inability to perceive their mistakes

Question 10

Cortex

Answer 10

The surface of the cerebrum

Question 11

Hypothalamus

Answer 11

This area of the brain controls many of the automatic bodily functions including:
Hunger, thirst, sleep, sexual responses
Body temperature, blood pressure, emotions, secretion of hormones

Question 12

Pituitary gland

Answer 12

This gland is known as the “master gland” as it controls the other endocrine glands in the body, it secrets hormones which control:
Sexual development
Bone and muscle growth
Stress response

Question 13

Pineal gland

Answer 13

This gland helps to regulate the body’s internal clock and circadian rhythms by secreting melatonin; it also plays a small role in sexual development

Question 14

Thalamus

Answer 14

This are of the brain serves as a relay station for nearly all communication to and from the cortex, it plays a roll in:
Pain sensation
Attention
Alertness
Memory

Question 15

Basal ganglia

Answer 15

This are of the brain includes the caudate, putamen, and globes pallidus, works with the cerebellum to coordinate fine motor functions

Question 16

Limbic system

Answer 16

This system is the hub for emotions, learning, and memory, includes the following structures:
Cingulate gyro
Hypothalamus
Amygdala (emotional reactions)
Hippocampus (memory)

Question 17

Cranial nerves

Answer 17

A set of twelve nerves that. facilitate communication between the brain and the rest of the body, each has a name and Roman numeral, ten of the twelve originate in the brain

Question 18

Olfactory, I

Answer 18

This nerve controls smell

Question 19

Optic, II

Answer 19

This nerve controls sight

Question 20

Oculomotor, III

Answer 20

This nerve controls the movement of the eye muscles that are not controlled by nerves IV and VI, pupil

Question 21

Trochlear, IV

Answer 21

This nerve controls the movement of the eye (superior oblique muscle)

Question 22

Trigeminal, V

Answer 22

This nerve is responsible for facial sensations

Question 23

Abducens, VI

Answer 23

This nerve is responsible for the movement of the eye (external rectus muscle)

Question 24

Facial, VII

Answer 24

This nerve controls movement of the face

Question 25

Vestibulocochlear, VIII

Answer 25

This nerve controls hearing and balance

Question 26

Glossopharyngeal, IX

Answer 26

This nerve controls taste and the swallow reflex

Question 27

Vagus, X

Answer 27

This nerve controls heart rate and digestion

Question 28

Accessory, XI

Answer 28

This nerve moves the head

Question 29

Hypoglossal, XII

Answer 29

This nerve controls the movement of the tongue

Question 30

Meninges

Answer 30

This material covers & protects the brain and spinal cord and is composed of three layers

Question 31

Dura mater

Answer 31

The thickest, outermost membrane which covers the brain and spinal cord

Question 32

Arachnoid mater

Answer 32

This is a thin, web-like membrane which covers the brain and spinal cord

Question 33

Pia mater

Answer 33

This is the delicate, innermost membrane which covers the brain and spinal cord

Question 34

Nerve cells

Answer 34

This type of cell includes a cell body, dendrites, and an axon; comes in various shapes and sizes

Question 35

Glia cells

Answer 35

This type of cell provide neurons with nourishment, protection, and structural support