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BIOL252L Exam 1 > The Brain > Flashcards

The Brain Flashcards

1
Q

Neural Tube

A

exists as a precursor structure to the CNS (brain and spinal cord)

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2
Q

Cerebrum

A

One of the brain’s six divisions. Includes 2 hemispheres, and 5 lobes. Functions include intelligence and personality.

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3
Q

Diencephalon

A

One of the brain’s six divisions. Functions include sensory/motor relay& autonomic nervous system

coordinating with the endocrine system to release hormones, relaying sensory and motor signals to the cerebral cortex, and regulating circadian rhythms (the sleep wake cycle)

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4
Q

Midbrain

A

One of the brain’s six divisions. A part of the brainstem whose functions include visual/auditory reflexes.

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5
Q

Pons

A

One of the brain’s six divisions. A part of the brainstem which serves as a relay center.

handles unconscious processes and jobs, such as your sleep-wake cycle and breathing

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6
Q

Medulla Oblongata

A

One of the brain’s six divisions. A part of the brainstem that serves as the autonomic nervous system ( heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure)

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7
Q

Cerebellum

A

One of the brain’s six divisions. Functions include motor coordination, balance/equilibrium.

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8
Q

Choroid Plexus

A

Highly vascularized regions that produce CSF and release it into ventricles

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9
Q

Lateral Ventricles

A

Ventricles that lie within the cerebral hemispheres; one in each cerebral hemisphere.

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10
Q

Septum Pellucidum

A

A thin membrane that separates the lateral ventricles

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11
Q

Interventricular Foramen

A

Located between the lateral ventricles and the third ventricle.

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12
Q

Third Ventricle

A

Ventricle surrounded by the Thalamus.

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13
Q

Cerebral Aqueduct

A

A passageway that travels through the midbrain and connects the third and fourth ventricles.

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14
Q

Fourth Ventricle

A

A diamond-shaped ventricle surrounded by the pons and cerebellum.

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15
Q

Circulation of CSF

A

choroid plexuses => ventricles => subarachnoid space => absorbed by arachnoid granulation => dual sinuses

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16
Q

Commissural Tracts

A

Cross fissure

Tracts that connect the right and left sides of the brain. These fibers cross through the corpus callosum and some cross through the fornix.

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17
Q

Projection Tracts

A

Connect higher and lower regions of the central nervous system. Relays sensory and motor information.

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18
Q

Association Tract

A

Generally found in the cerebrum, these tracts connect one part of the cortex to adjacent regions of the same hemisphere.

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19
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

in the front

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20
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

By your temples, auditory processing

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21
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

Parents pat on top of head

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22
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Got eyes on the back of my head (processes visual info)

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23
Q

Insular Lobe

A

“insulated” by other lobes

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24
Q

Longitudinal fissure

A

divides two hemispheres

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25
Q

Transverse fissure

A

divides cerebrum from cerebellum

26
Q

Central Sulcus

A

divides the frontal and parietal lobes

27
Q

Lateral Sulcus

A

divides the temporal from frontal and parietal lobes

28
Q

Parieto-occipital sulcus

A

divides the parietal and occipital lobes

29
Q

Gyrus

A

ridge or fold

30
Q

Sulcus

A

valley or groove

31
Q

Fissures

A

major grooves

32
Q

Precentral Gyrus

A

Site of the Primary Motor Cortex, works in association with other motor areas

33
Q

Postcentral Gyrus

A

Site of the Somatosensory Cortex, tactile sensation only

34
Q

Primary Motor Cortex

A

in precentral gyrus

35
Q

Somatosensory cortex

A

in postcentral gyrus

36
Q

Primary Visual Cortex

A

in occipital lobe

37
Q

Primary auditory cortex

A

in temporal lobe

38
Q

Primary Olfactory Cortex

A

in temporal lobe

39
Q

Primary gustatory (taste) cortex

A

parietal and insular lobes

40
Q

Prefrontal Cortex

A

in frontal lobe, important for social interactions and personality

41
Q

Pineal Gland

A

produces melatonin, which prepares the brain for sleep

42
Q

Thalamus

A

two egg-shaped halves with the third ventricle sandwiched between them. This brain region is often called the relay station of the brain because it is the synapse site for nearly all sensory pathways: signals are routed from the spinal cord or lower brain regions to the appropriate region(s) of the cerebral cortex.

43
Q

Hypothalamus

A

located below the thalamus; has nuclei containing autonomic control centers, body temperature control, sleep cycle control center, emotional control center; responds to stimuli in the brain by releasing hormones that control the pituitary gland

44
Q

pituitary gland

A

This gland produces hormones that control the thyroid, adrenal cortex, liver, and reproductive function.

45
Q

Cerebral peduncles

A

large bundles that contain projection tracts; allow communication between the cerebral hemispheres and lower parts of the central nervous system.

46
Q

Corpora quadrigemina

A

4 twin bodies including superior colliculi and inferior colliculi

47
Q

Superior Colliculi

A

nuclei on the posterior side of the midbrain that initiate visual reflexes, such as the coordination of eye and head movements when tracking a moving object.

48
Q

Inferior colliculi

A

nuclei on the posterior midbrain that receive auditory information and coordinate reflexive actions in response to sounds

49
Q

cerebellar peduncles

A

large bundles through which tracts arriving at the pons enter the cerebellum

50
Q

medullary pyramids

A

large ridges on the anterior surface of the medulla oblongata

51
Q

Corticospinal Tracts

A

contains axons directing voluntary movements of the body

52
Q

Medulla Oblongata Function

A

In addition to the mostly white matter tracts, several nuclei are present. These centers send and receive information for the autonomic nervous system: cardiovascular center, respiratory center, assorted autonomic center

53
Q

Arbor Vitae

A

white matter that exhibits a distinct tree-like branching pattern

54
Q

Vermis

A

meaning worm; midline lobe of the cerebellum

55
Q

Cerebellum Function

A

coordinates motor functions and maintains balance; receives information from cerebral hemispheres and sensory receptors in muscles and joints

56
Q

Basal Nuclei

A

clusters of gray matter surrounding the thalamus; functions include initiation of movements and coordination of control of antagonistic muscle pairs

57
Q

Internal Capsule

A

bundle of projection and association tracts that separate the main bodies of the basal nuclei on each side

58
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

thick, tough band of white matter that connects the hemispheres, just superior to the third ventricle

59
Q

Amygdala

A

located both lateral and inferior to the basal nuclei; involved in decision making, emotional responses (fear and aggression)

60
Q

Hippocampus

A

located lateral and inferior to the basal nuclei; involved in spatial memory and navigation

BIOL252L Exam 1 (7 decks)

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