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BIOL252L Exam 1 > The Brain > Flashcards

The Brain Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

Neural Tube

A

exists as a precursor structure to the CNS (brain and spinal cord)

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2
Q

Cerebrum

A

One of the brain’s six divisions. Includes 2 hemispheres, and 5 lobes. Functions include intelligence and personality.

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3
Q

Diencephalon

A

One of the brain’s six divisions. Functions include sensory/motor relay& autonomic nervous system

coordinating with the endocrine system to release hormones, relaying sensory and motor signals to the cerebral cortex, and regulating circadian rhythms (the sleep wake cycle)

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4
Q

Midbrain

A

One of the brain’s six divisions. A part of the brainstem whose functions include visual/auditory reflexes.

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5
Q

Pons

A

One of the brain’s six divisions. A part of the brainstem which serves as a relay center.

handles unconscious processes and jobs, such as your sleep-wake cycle and breathing

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6
Q

Medulla Oblongata

A

One of the brain’s six divisions. A part of the brainstem that serves as the autonomic nervous system ( heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure)

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7
Q

Cerebellum

A

One of the brain’s six divisions. Functions include motor coordination, balance/equilibrium.

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8
Q

Choroid Plexus

A

Highly vascularized regions that produce CSF and release it into ventricles

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9
Q

Lateral Ventricles

A

Ventricles that lie within the cerebral hemispheres; one in each cerebral hemisphere.

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10
Q

Septum Pellucidum

A

A thin membrane that separates the lateral ventricles

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11
Q

Interventricular Foramen

A

Located between the lateral ventricles and the third ventricle.

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12
Q

Third Ventricle

A

Ventricle surrounded by the Thalamus.

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13
Q

Cerebral Aqueduct

A

A passageway that travels through the midbrain and connects the third and fourth ventricles.

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14
Q

Fourth Ventricle

A

A diamond-shaped ventricle surrounded by the pons and cerebellum.

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15
Q

Circulation of CSF

A

choroid plexuses => ventricles => subarachnoid space => absorbed by arachnoid granulation => dual sinuses

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16
Q

Commissural Tracts

A

Cross fissure

Tracts that connect the right and left sides of the brain. These fibers cross through the corpus callosum and some cross through the fornix.

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17
Q

Projection Tracts

A

Connect higher and lower regions of the central nervous system. Relays sensory and motor information.

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18
Q

Association Tract

A

Generally found in the cerebrum, these tracts connect one part of the cortex to adjacent regions of the same hemisphere.

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19
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

in the front

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20
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

By your temples, auditory processing

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21
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

Parents pat on top of head

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22
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Got eyes on the back of my head (processes visual info)

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23
Q

Insular Lobe

A

“insulated” by other lobes

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24
Q

Longitudinal fissure

A

divides two hemispheres

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25
Transverse fissure
divides cerebrum from cerebellum
26
Central Sulcus
divides the frontal and parietal lobes
27
Lateral Sulcus
divides the temporal from frontal and parietal lobes
28
Parieto-occipital sulcus
divides the parietal and occipital lobes
29
Gyrus
ridge or fold
30
Sulcus
valley or groove
31
Fissures
major grooves
32
Precentral Gyrus
Site of the Primary Motor Cortex, works in association with other motor areas
33
Postcentral Gyrus
Site of the Somatosensory Cortex, tactile sensation only
34
Primary Motor Cortex
in precentral gyrus
35
Somatosensory cortex
in postcentral gyrus
36
Primary Visual Cortex
in occipital lobe
37
Primary auditory cortex
in temporal lobe
38
Primary Olfactory Cortex
in temporal lobe
39
Primary gustatory (taste) cortex
parietal and insular lobes
40
Prefrontal Cortex
in frontal lobe, important for social interactions and personality
41
Pineal Gland
produces melatonin, which prepares the brain for sleep
42
Thalamus
two egg-shaped halves with the third ventricle sandwiched between them. This brain region is often called the relay station of the brain because it is the synapse site for nearly all sensory pathways: signals are routed from the spinal cord or lower brain regions to the appropriate region(s) of the cerebral cortex.
43
Hypothalamus
located below the thalamus; has nuclei containing autonomic control centers, body temperature control, sleep cycle control center, emotional control center; responds to stimuli in the brain by releasing hormones that control the pituitary gland
44
pituitary gland
This gland produces hormones that control the thyroid, adrenal cortex, liver, and reproductive function.
45
Cerebral peduncles
large bundles that contain projection tracts; allow communication between the cerebral hemispheres and lower parts of the central nervous system.
46
Corpora quadrigemina
4 twin bodies including superior colliculi and inferior colliculi
47
Superior Colliculi
nuclei on the posterior side of the midbrain that initiate visual reflexes, such as the coordination of eye and head movements when tracking a moving object.
48
Inferior colliculi
nuclei on the posterior midbrain that receive auditory information and coordinate reflexive actions in response to sounds
49
cerebellar peduncles
large bundles through which tracts arriving at the pons enter the cerebellum
50
medullary pyramids
large ridges on the anterior surface of the medulla oblongata
51
Corticospinal Tracts
contains axons directing voluntary movements of the body
52
Medulla Oblongata Function
In addition to the mostly white matter tracts, several nuclei are present. These centers send and receive information for the autonomic nervous system: cardiovascular center, respiratory center, assorted autonomic center
53
Arbor Vitae
white matter that exhibits a distinct tree-like branching pattern
54
Vermis
meaning worm; midline lobe of the cerebellum
55
Cerebellum Function
coordinates motor functions and maintains balance; receives information from cerebral hemispheres and sensory receptors in muscles and joints
56
Basal Nuclei
clusters of gray matter surrounding the thalamus; functions include initiation of movements and coordination of control of antagonistic muscle pairs
57
Internal Capsule
bundle of projection and association tracts that separate the main bodies of the basal nuclei on each side
58
Corpus Callosum
thick, tough band of white matter that connects the hemispheres, just superior to the third ventricle
59
Amygdala
located both lateral and inferior to the basal nuclei; involved in decision making, emotional responses (fear and aggression)
60
Hippocampus
located lateral and inferior to the basal nuclei; involved in spatial memory and navigation

BIOL252L Exam 1 (7 decks)

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