Axial Skeleton

Question 1

How many vertebrae does vertebral column is composed

Answer 1

33

Question 2

Five regions consist of anatomically distinct vertebrae

Answer 2

cervical (C), thoracic (T), lumbar (L), sacral (S), and coccygeal (Co)

Question 3

Body

Answer 3

the weight-bearing region of the vertebra. Vertebral bodies become more substantial in the lower regions of the vertebral column and bear more of the body’s weight.

Question 4

Vertebral foramen

Answer 4

location of the spinal cord

Question 5

Spinous and transverse processes

Answer 5

sites of muscle attachments.

Question 6

Superior articular processes and inferior articular processes

Answer 6

form joints with those of adjacent vertebrae. They are responsible for restricting movements of the vertebral column.

Question 7

Pedicle

Answer 7

a stout connection between the body and the rest of vertebra

Question 8

Intervertebral foramina

Answer 8

above and below the pedicle, notches allow for the passage of spinal nerves. Two adjacent vertebrae form one intervertebral foramen.

Question 9

Lamina

Answer 9

a flat region that connects the spinous process to rest of vertebra

Question 10

C7 is often called

Answer 10

vertebra prominens

Question 11

The first cervical vertebrae (C1)

Answer 11

atlas.

It has no vertebral body and serves to articulate with the skull.

Question 12

axis (C2)

Answer 12

is also unique among cervical vertebrae. It has a projection called the dens (also called the odontoid process) that fits into the sizable vertebral foramen of C1. Because of the gliding motions between these vertebrae, the dens adds additional support to prevent C1 from slipping posteriorly over the surface of C2.

Question 13

superior and inferior costal facets

Answer 13

mark these articulations on the vertebral body

Question 14

Transverse costal facets

Answer 14

indicate where the transverse processes form a joint with the rib

Question 15

How many costal facets would you expect to find on a typical thoracic vertebra?

Answer 15

6

Question 16

LUMBAR VERTEBRAE

Answer 16

Five in number, these vertebrae support a large amount of your body’s weight. As such, they have the largest vertebral bodies. They have no articulation with ribs and have strong, stout transverse and spinous processes. Their articular processes face medially or laterally.

Question 17

Answer 17

Question 18

Answer 18

Question 19

Answer 19

Question 20

What are the distinct features of the cervical vertebrae?

Answer 20

They have bifid (forked) spinous process, and two transverse foramen.

Question 21

What is the distinct feature of axis (C2)?

Answer 21

It has a den

Question 22

What are the unique features of thoracic vertebrae?

Answer 22

It has a long, downward sloping spinous process and 6 costal facets on each vertebra.

Question 23

Which vertebrae support a large amount of the body’s weight?

Answer 23

Lumbar vertebrae (they have large bodies)

Question 24

Five sacral vertebral bodies fuse during development to form

Answer 24

the sacrum.

Question 25

The superior aspect of the sacrum contains

Answer 25

articular processes that connect the sacrum to L5

Question 26

The spinous processes likewise fuse to form

Answer 26

median sacral crest

Question 27

alae

Answer 27

a pair of large “wings,

Question 28

sacral canal

Answer 28

vertebral canal where spinal nerves travel through

Question 29

anterior sacral foramina has

Answer 29

the ventral rami of sacral spinal nerves exit the sacral canal.

Question 30

posterior sacral foramina has

Answer 30

the dorsal rami exit the sacral canal.

Question 31

the coccyx.

Answer 31

tailbond formed by three to five tail vertebrae fuse

Question 32

What are the three components of the sternum?

Answer 32

Manubrium, Body, Xiphoid Process

Question 33

What type of joint is atlanto-occipital joint?

Answer 33

Plane join (nodding “yes”)

Question 34

What type of joint is atlanto-axial joint?

Answer 34

Pivot joint (shaking head “no”)

Question 35

What type of joint is intervertebral joint?

Answer 35

Plane joint

Question 36

What type of joint are costovertebral joint and costotransverse joint?

Answer 36

Plane joint

Question 37

What type of joint is sternoclavicular joint?

Answer 37

Saddle joint

Question 38

What type of joint is sacroiliac joint?

Answer 38

Fibrous joint.