Introduction to Osteology

Question 1

What are four categories of the bones?

Answer 1

long, short, flat, and irregular

Question 2

What are bones composed? (hint: 2)

Answer 2

compact bone, spongy bone

Question 3

What is the spongy bone made of?

Answer 3

trabeculae

Question 4

What is the marrow cavities and spaces trabeculae filled with among adults?

Answer 4

yellow bone marrow

Question 5

What does the spongy bone contain in regions of axial skeleton and proximal limb bones; also site of blood cell production?

Answer 5

Red bone marrow

Question 6

What is the main feature of a long bone?

Answer 6

diaphysis

Question 7

What are the two or more knob-like enlargements on the ends of a long bone?

Answer 7

epiphyses

Question 8

What is an epiphysis covered with where it meets other bones?

Answer 8

articular cartilage

Question 9

The location where an epiphysis meets the diaphysis is the region of growth in children; comprised of growing cartilage until adulthood and replaced by bone

Answer 9

epiphyseal plate

Question 10

What is the location of bone that has overtaken the epiphyseal plate?

Answer 10

epiphyseal line

Question 11

What are joins that form when two bones grow together and are immoveable?

Answer 11

Osseous joints

Question 12

What joins are immoveable with minimal, almost insignificant movement?

Answer 12

Fibrous Joints

Question 13

What are joints that have some degree of flexibility?

Answer 13

Cartilaginous joints

Question 14

What are joints that are highly mobile and consist of several parts?

Answer 14

Synovial joints

Question 15

What are the simplest synovial joints?

Answer 15

Plane joint

Question 16

What is a joint that allows rotation around a central axis?

Answer 16

Pivot joint

Question 17

What is the joint responsible for bending your elbows and knees?

Answer 17

Hinge joint, which movement occure within a single plane

Question 18

What is the joint that has two opposing concave surfaces?

Answer 18

Saddle Joint

Movements occur in two planes, about 90 degrees from one another

Question 19

What is the joint that involves one oblong convex surface and one concave surface?

Answer 19

Condyloid joint

Question 20

What is the joint that allows the highest degrees of motion?

Answer 20

Ball and Socket Joint

Question 21

a rounded enlargement at the end of a bone

Answer 21

Head

Question 22

a rounded knob-like region that articulates with another bone; covered in cartilage

Answer 22

Condyle

Question 23

an enlargement of a bone near a condyle

Answer 23

Epicondyle

Question 24

a bony projection from the surface

Answer 24

Process

Question 25

a bump or elevation

Answer 25

Tubercle

Question 26

a slightly larger, broader version of a tubercle

Answer 26

Tuberosity

Question 27

a huge tubercle, reserved for those on the femur

Answer 27

Trochanter

Question 28

a hole or opening

Answer 28

Foramen

Question 29

an opening or canal

Answer 29

Meatus

Question 30

an elongated hole or irregular opening

Answer 30

Fissure

Question 31

a shallow depression

Answer 31

Fossa

Question 32

function of synovial membrane

Answer 32

connects and surrounds the two bones of a joint. This membrane is responsible for secreting the synovial fluid of the joint (synovial) cavity.

Question 33

Function of the joint cavity

Answer 33

contains the synovial fluid, which lubricates the articular cartilages and provides a very low friction environment for repetitive movements

Question 34

The function of articular discs

Answer 34

fibrocartilage pads whose shapes help to stabilize joints