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HISTORY > THE BOOM > Flashcards

THE BOOM Flashcards

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1
Q

When did the boom happen

A

1920-29

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2
Q

Why did the Boom start

A 
Advertising 
Consumer demands 
Confidence 
Mass production 
Shares
Republicans policies
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3
Q

What car was mass produced

A

Model T

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4
Q

How quickly were model T cars produced

A

6 every minute

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5
Q

What was the mass production line based on

A

Chicago food production

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6
Q

What affect did the boom have on car production

A

Mass production of Model T in Detroit

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7
Q

Why could the model t be mass produced

A

Only one car colour and engine style

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8
Q

Who invented the model T

A

Henry Ford

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9
Q

Model t Effects on America

A 
Car production used 
20% of steel 
80% rubber 
75% plate glass 
65% of leather 
So jobs were created
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10
Q

Positives of mass production of cars

A

More transport for average people
Jobs were created
Sense of freedom
People could by houses out of town and drive to work

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11
Q

Negative effects of mass production of cars

A

Traffic

More pollution

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12
Q

Why did the economic boom happen 5

A 
WW1
Republican government 
Consumer society 
Mass production 
New ways to buy and sell
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13
Q

Why did the First World War start to boom 4

A

-USA stayed out of the war initially following their policy of isolationism
-america could prosper - loaned money
To Britain
-created many jobs for Americans
-USA led the world in production of medicines dyes and other materials

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14
Q

Why did a consumer society help start the economic boom 3

A
  • number of us homes with electricity grew rapidly from 15% in 1916 to 70% in 1927
  • this meant there were modern electric powered items such as vacuums, radios, telephones and refrigerators
  • huge demand for there goods created jobs in the factories that made them
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15
Q

Why did the role of the republican government help start the boom

A

-the Ford McCumber tax meant there were high taxes on foreign goods. Meaning Americans bought more US goods creating more jobs
-cut taxes paid by rich meaning they invested more money in starting businesses creating more jobs
-taxes were low so people had more disposable income
-Laissez-fair meant businesses were left to get
on creating wealth

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16
Q

Why did mass production help start the boom 2

A
  • growth of Motor industry boosted US economy - used large quantities of steel, leather, rubber and glass. More jobs were created
  • many American businesses used mass production and as they got quicker their goods became quicker
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17
Q

How did new ways to buy and sell help start the boom 3

A
  • colourful billboards, newspapers and magazines urged people to buy latest gadgets to keep up with their friends. This led to a boost in sales
  • catalogues made buying east and good could be delivered to your door
  • hire purchase meant buyers could pay for goods in small instalments over a fixed period. Six out of ten cars were bought this way
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18
Q

Is WW1 a trigger or underlying cause

A

Trigger

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19
Q

Is mass production a trigger or underlying cause

A

Underlying cause

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20
Q

Is republican policy a trigger or underlying cause

A

Trigger cause

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21
Q

Was consumerism a trigger or underlying cause

A

Underlying

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22
Q

Are shares a trigger or underlying cause

A

Underlying cause

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23
Q

Was American confidence a trigger or underlying cause

A

Underlying cause

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24
Q

How did shades cause the boom

A

People bought a share of the company to make a profit

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25
Q

How did American confidence trigger the boom

A

They took risks and generated success

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26
Q

What happened to entertainment during the boom

A 
New music - jazz
New dances - Charleston 
Hollywood - Chaplin/Valentino 
1927- first talkie 
Sport-baseball and boxing 
         -babe Ruth got a sponsorship to endorse products 
Cotton club
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27
Q

What was the most popular music genre

A

Jazz

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28
Q

What were the new dance moves

A

Charleston

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29
Q

What were jazz origins

A

Slave music

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30
Q

What were the popular sports

A

Base ball and boxing

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31
Q

Who did entertainment affect

A

Main cities where there were cinemas

Mainly the rich who can afford it

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32
Q

What was happening with construction

A 
New buildings 
Skyscrapers 
Roads 
Motels 
Diners
Factories
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33
Q

Who did construction affect

A

Gave men new jobs

34
Q

What is a share

A

When someone invests money into a company and then they receive a share of the profits

35
Q

what affect did shares have on America

A

All Americans invested, not just the rich

In 1920 there were 4 million people who owned shares. In 1929 there were 5 times as many

36
Q

What problems did the old industry face during the Boom

A

Cotton and wool industries suffered too because there was less demand for their products due to new man-made fibres, such as rayon. Smaller dresses also used less fabric

37
Q

What problems did farmers face

A

after WW1 farmers had sold crops to Europe. As Europe’s farms began to recover there were less import demand and countries but taxes on crops
60% were below the poverty line
In 1924 around 600,000 farmers lost their farms

38
Q

What problems did African Americans face

A

The majority lived in southern American states on farms as labourers where conditions were appealing
Jim Crow Laws
KKK in 1925 there were 500 million

39
Q

What problems did Native Americans face

A

Most of their land was seized by mining companies
Had to move to reservations were land was infertile and near impossible to grow crops
In 1920s most Native Americans live in extreme poverty

40
Q

Why did the older generation dislike jazz

A

It encouraged drunkenness
Too sexual
Disliked African American origins

41
Q

2 jazz singers

A

Louis Armstrong

Duke Ellington

42
Q

What famous actors were there 3

A

Chaplin
Valentino
Clara bow

43
Q

How many films were being made per year

A

In 1929 there were 500 films a year

44
Q

When was the jazz singer released

What did it include

A

1927

Included the first talkie

45
Q

What sport celebrities were there

A

Babe Ruth

Bobby Jones

46
Q

What helped sport become popular

A

Radio broadcasts
Magazines
Newspapers

47
Q

What were women like before the war 4

A

Upper and middle clases couldn’t vote
had to act politely and wear sensible clothing with little makeup
Relationships with men were strictly controlled
Poorer women had fewer opportunities and lower paid jobs

48
Q

What happened to women during WW1 4

A

Women took over men’s jobs at factories
The money they earned gave them independence
In 1920 women were given the right to vote
By 1929 there were 10.5 million women in jobs 25% more than in 1920

49
Q

2 flappers

A

Josephine baker

Clara bow

50
Q

What were the characteristics of flappers 5

A

Smoked
Short dresses
Lots of make up
Nightclubs with men until early hours of morning
Mainly middle and upper class women from northern states

51
Q

Who criticised flappers

A

Traditional members of society thought they were evil and threatened traditional and religious values
Anti flirt league protested against the flappers behaviour

52
Q

Which women were effected by the boom

A

In the south and rural areas life continued
These Women worked and didn’t have enough money for luxuries
Still not equal - women earned less than men in the same jobs

53
Q

When did the prohibition happen

A

1920-1933

54
Q

What were the 4 reasons prohibition was introduced

A

Morality
Religious organisations
Patriotism
Ritual America

55
Q

Why did morality help introduce the prohibition

A

Alcohol was seen to some to be contributing to a decline in moral values.
Some believed America would be better and healthier without alcohol

56
Q

Why did religious organisations help introduced prohibition

A

They opposed it because they claimed it caused social problems like poverty addiction and debt

57
Q

Why did patriotism help introduced the prohibition

A

Many beers were made in Germany

During WW1 it was argued that Americans who drink those beers were traitors

58
Q

Why did rural America help introduced the prohibition

A

Saw cities as alcohol fuelled violent places

Campaigns against alcohol were led by pressure groups like the Anti-Saloon league

59
Q

How many prohibition agents were employed to try and enforce the law

A

1500

60
Q

What problems did they face in enforcing prohibition

A
  • USA had 18,600 miles of coastline so hard to stop bootleg alcohol smuggled in
  • people were willing to break the law to drink
  • it was easy to get alcohol because criminal gangs ran speakeasies and made moonshine
  • criminal gangs made so much money they were able to bribe police prohibition and border officers and even judges
61
Q

Who was al Capone

A

Organised crime leader

Made $2 million a week through organised crime

62
Q

How many speakeasies were there in America

A

200,000

63
Q

How many speakeasies were there in New York

A

30,000

64
Q

What was the AAPA and what did they do

A

Against prohibition

Argued that prohibition was a threat to a persons rights to drink

65
Q

Why did prohibition end

A

In 1932 presidential election campaign Roosevelt gained many votes because he opposed prohibition
In 1933 he won the election and got rid of prohibition

66
Q

what was the impact of prohibition on society

A

It was argued that if alcohol was legalised again. Lots of legal jobs would be created in the brewing industry
The government could also tax the alcohol itself so the government would make money rather than gangsters

67
Q

How many immigrations emigrated to America

A

Between 1859 and 1914 around 40 million people emigrated to America

68
Q

Why did immigrants move to America 7

A
  • European towns were overcrowded and land was expensive
  • lots of jobs in America in steel coal and textile production and in car industries
  • America land was cheap in fertile and rich in natural resources such as coal iron cotton oil and timber
  • in Europe there was a lot of poverty and terrible housing, poor health and bad diet
  • much of Europe was still divided by class. It was difficult for the working class to improve their life
  • standard of living/salary in America was high
  • various religious groups were persecuted in Europe
  • America prides itself on the idea that everyone had the right to success ‘the America dream’
69
Q

What was the impact of immigration 4

A
  • in the late 1800s and early 1900s more immigrants began to arrive from southern and Eastern Europe
  • large ethnic communities developed in larger cities
  • in some cities immigrants were often resented because usually they were poor and couldn’t speak English well
  • WW1 added to American suspicion of immigrants. In 1917 Russian revolution citizens had talked over banks and business. They feared Russian immigrants would do the same
70
Q

What was the immigrant experience 4

A

Some had great success
However for many working and living conditions were generally poor and difficult
Many were poorly educated and willing to work for very low wages
Consequently some felt that the immigrants were out to steal jobs

71
Q

What were the immigration laws

3

A
  • 1917 Literacy Act banned entry to any immigrant over the age of 16 who could not read a sentence of 40 words
  • 1921 Immigration Quota Law - allowed 350,000 immigrants to enter each year
  • 1924 National Origins Act allowed only 150,000 immigrants to enter each year
72
Q

Why was there racial tension

A

In 1865 slavery was abolished in the USA but there was still a lot of discrimination
White politicians often driven by racial prejudice passed laws such as Jim Crow Laws to keep segregation
African Americans were stopped using the same restaurants hotels swimming pools and cemeteries and the military
Some states banned mixed race marriage

73
Q

What was the black reniassance 4

A
  • some African Americans flourished in northern cities
  • Harlem in New York became a centre for creativity black culture writers artists and musicians
  • white costumers were attracted to those areas because of jazz and excitement
  • some Africans Americans even entered politics. In 1910 WEB Du Bois set up the NAACP worked to improve the rights of African Americans
74
Q

What problems did African Americans faces once they left the south 4

A
  • many left the southern states to head north. However they still faced problems
  • African Americans were always the last to be hired and the first to be fired
  • occupies worst housing and in poorest areas
  • some factories employed white workers only or paid black workers the lowest wages
  • 1919 race riot after a black youth accidentally entered a whites only beach in Chicago
75
Q

What was the KKK

What were the aims

A

A racist terror group with members of around 5 million in 1925

The aims were to maintain white supremacy over African Americans

Found in the 1860s to terrorise African Americans. African Americans were beaten up or even killed in hope they would be too scared to register to vote

76
Q

What were the KKK methods

A

Dressed in white hoods and sheets. Carried US flags

Their methods of violence and intimidation included whipping branding kidnapping castrating and lynching

77
Q

Why did the KKK become popular again

A

In a 1915 Hollywood Film ‘a birth of a nation’ showed klansmen saving white families from violent black criminals. It attracted a huge audience and by 1925 KKK members reached 5 million

78
Q

Who were the KKK 3

A

Most members were white and poor mainly from rural areas in the southern states

They looked for someone to blame for their poverty do turned on Jews, African Americans, catholic’s, and immigrants.

They believed that black people and immigrants willingness to work for lower wages took jobs from white people

79
Q

What happened at the Palmer raids

A

6,000 communists arrested
Made immigrants scared
3 guns found + no explosive

80
Q

Why was there fear of immigrants

A

In 1901 anarchist Leon Fran Czolgosz short dead US president William McKinley
in 1919 an American Communist Party has been set up so industrial was unrest
Were concerned of a communist revolution like in Russia 1917 could happen in America as they let 1.5 million Russians into America

81
Q

What was the Sacco and Vanzetti Cade

A

1920 Robbers stole $150,000 from a shoe factory in Massachusetts and killed 2
One month later Sacco and Vanzetti were arrested
Trial was biased and unfair
Eg 61 eye witnesses said they were there and 107 said they were elsewhere
Witnesses disagreed about what the men were wearing that night
Other men confessed to the murders
Sacco and Vanzetti were executed in 1927 by electric chair and pardoned in 1977

HISTORY (6 decks)

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