KOREAN COLD WAR

Question 1

Positive impact of the Cold War on Korea

Answer 1

Each country still split on 38th parallel

Question 2

Negative impact of the war on Korea

Answer 2

4 million causalities
Country ruined
Each side wanted to be ‘Korea’

Question 3

Positive impact of the war on USSR

Answer 3

North Koreans and China’s still communist

Question 4

Negative impact of the war on USSR

Answer 4

South Korea not communist

Question 5

Positive impact of the war on China

Answer 5

Still communist. Helped North Korea

Question 6

Negative impact of the war on China

Answer 6

Feel threatened by USA wanted revenge

Question 7

Positive impact of the war on USA

Answer 7

Truman contained communism in North Korea

Question 8

Negative impact of the war on USA

Answer 8

North Korea still communist + China still threatened

Usa now too confident

54,000 casualties

Question 9

Positive impact of the war on un

Answer 9

First test of power. Success as South Korea not communist

Question 10

Negative impact of the war on UN

Answer 10

UN favoured USA due to large funds, upset USSR

Question 11

How did the Korean War end - peace talks

Answer 11

• Peace talks began in July 1951
• No progress was made due to an argument over prisoner exchange
• in November 1952, Eisenhower became US president after promising to stop Korean Wat so peace talks were back on
• in March 1953 Stalin died. The Chinese and North Koreans lost confidence as the Soviet’s had no immediate successor and stopped supplying weapons
• An Armistice was signed on 27 th July 1953

Question 12

Why was there a Cold War in Korea

Answer 12

Stalin + Truman hated each other

Competed over weapons and empires

Weak countries could be exploited

Competed to be the best super power

USSR and USA had beaten Hitler their common enemy so turned on each other

Clash of ideologies

Question 13

Who was kim Il sung

Answer 13

Established a communist government in North Korea

Question 14

Who is syngman Rhee

Answer 14

Established a right wing nationalist in the South Korea

Question 15

Why was the USA worried about Korea

Answer 15

Wanted to contain communism in North Korea

China became communist in 1949 so could help North Korea

USSR wanted to help newly communist countries

Question 16

What was the Truman Doctrine

Answer 16

In March 1947, US president Truman said the USA would aid with money and military to any country under the threat of communism

Question 17

What was containment

Answer 17

Usa foreign policy. The USA would ‘contain’ communism and stop spreading it country to country - this is as their policy of containment

Question 18

When did the war start

Answer 18

On June 25th 1950, North Korean troops advanced over the 38 th parallel

Question 19

What was the causes of the Korean War

Answer 19

US aggression -> UN army

North Korean aggression -> advanced across 38th parallel

South Korean weakness -> North Korea were stronger, South Korea were left vulnerable

Clash of ideologies-> most important cause

Soviet + Chinese aggression -> USSR left UN meaning American could get UN troops into South Korea

Question 20

How did the Korean War end - stalemate

Answer 20

• for nearly a year the war was a stalemate. Soldiers had dug into trenches along the 38th parallel
• the USA tried to break this through using AirPower and bombing cities with explosives and napalm killing 1 million
• Stalin provided support to China but it was secret and soviet symbols on equipment was banned along with speaking Russian
• The New soviet MiG-15 was superior to us planes
• UN lost 3,500 planes

Question 21

How did the USA and UN react to the war

Answer 21

• Truman dent supplies to the South Korea and battleships of the coast
• Truman also asked for UN involvement. This was the first test for the UN had only been established 5 years
• The UN passed a resolution asking North Korea to leave South. North Korean ignored this. UN passed a second resolution asking members to sent troops to help South Korea
• China was not in the UN as the USA has barred them due to communism
• The USSR was not present at the UN vote on Korea because they had walked out due to China being barred so couldn’t use their veto
• USA gave the UN most of their budget ($100 million) so were able to pressure them
• the UN would now send troops to South Korea

Question 22

How did the early war develop

Answer 22

• 20 members in UN sent troops and equipment. But most was provided by USA 50% of armed forces 86% of the naval force. 93% of air forces
• US forces were led by MacArthur who was anti communist. He took his orders from Truman not UN
• MacArthur landed along with South Korean troops at Inchon.
• North Koreans quickly retreated to the original border but MacArthur was not content. He invaded North Korea and pushed up to the Yalu River on the Chinese frontier. Mao was not impressed

Question 23

How did the war progress

Answer 23

• China became too concerned
• Chinese launched a surprise attack across Korean border in October 1950 with 200,000 soldiers. They were supplied with weapons by the USSR. Within a fortnight UN/US troops were pushed back into South Korea
• January 1951 the UN lost Seoul but recovered to push back to the 38th parallel. This was a stalemate
• Many Americans including MacArthur wanted Truman to use atomic bombs against the Chinese. Truman recused as he had achieved his goal of freeing South Korea. His allies also convinced him that an attack on China was risky
• In March 1951 MacArthur ignored UN instructions and threatened to attack China. In April 1951 MacArthur was sacked

Question 24

Which parallel was Korea divided on

Answer 24

38Th parallel