The Body's Defenses 1 Flashcards
discuss the type of barriers and how they act to protect the body from infections
Physical: Skin, endothelial membranes, mucous membranes (keratin, glycolipids etc)
Mechanical: removal of microorganisms and cell debris from areas where they may result in infection (flushing of urine and tears, shedding of skin cells, expulsions of mucus via mucocilliary escalator)
Chemical: ph: low pH discourages growth of many pathogenic organisms
Biological and immune: dermal macrophages, dendritic cells, normal microbiota, immune cells, fever, inflammation
recognize the importance of the anatomical position and the body cavities for identifying locations on the body
Anatomical position is a standardized method of observing or imagine the body that allows precise and consistent anatomical reference.
The person stands erect, facing the observer, the upper extremities are placed at the side the palms of the hands are turned forward and the feet are flat on the floor
The body lying flat down is the a prone position
the body lying face up is the supine postion
Discuss the properties of the different types of epithelial tissues
Body cavities are spaces within the body that help protect, separate and support internal organs
define supine
person sands erect facing the observer the upper extremities are placed at the sides and the palms of the hands are turned forward and feet are flat on the floor
define pericardium
the membrane enclosing the heart, consisting of an outer fibrous layer and an inner double layer of serous membrane.
describe the five main types of epithelia and their locations
Exchange (lungs, lining of blood vessels), transporting (intestine, kidney, some exocrine glands), ciliated (Nose, trachea and upper airways, female reproductive system, protective (Skin and lining of cavities (mouth) that open to the environment, Secretory (Exocrine glands, including pancreas, sweat glands, and salivary glands endocrine glands, such as thyroid and gonads).
identify the different quadrants and regions in the body
regions: right hypochondriac region, epigastric region, left hypochondriac, right lumbar region, umbilical region, left lumbar region, right inguinal region, hypogastric region, left inguinal region.
Quadrants: right upper quadrants (RUQ), left upper quadrant (LUQ). right lower quadrant (RLQ), left lower quadrant (LLQ).
how does the skin (integumentary system) contribute to the homeostatic balance of the body?
- Protection - the three barriers
- Body temp regulation
- Cutaneous Sensations
- Metabolic function
- blood reservoir
- excretion
discuss the structure of the skin
the skin has three major layer: the outer layer (epidermis), the inner layer (dermis), the subcutaneous layer (located deep in the dermis)
what are the four main cells in the epidermis & their jobs
keratinocytes (produce keratin), melanocytes (produce the pigment melanin), intraepidermal macrophages (involved in the immune responses), tactile epithelial cells (function in the sensation of touch)
what is the cell strata of the epidermis?
there are four layers:
- the stratum basale
- the stratum spinosum
- the stratum granulosum
- the stratum lucidum (only in thick skin)
- the stratum corneum
what are the two regions of the dermis
- Papillary region
2. The reticular region
what are the different types of skin glands
- sebaceous (oil) glands
2, Sudoriferous (sweat) glands - Specialized apocrine glands
what are the differences between thin and thick skin types?
Thin - is all parts of the body except areas such as palms, palmar surface of digits and soles. Hair follicles, sebaceous glands both present.
Thick- Areas such as palms, palmar surface of digits, and soles.
hair follicles and arrector pill muscles, sebaceous glands and sudoriferous glands both absent
what are the different categories of burns?
