Fluid balance, oxygenation and circulation Flashcards
What main fluid compartments are in the body? And what are the major components of these compartments?
Body fluids are present in two main compartments:
Inside the cell - intracellular fluid (ICF)
Outside the cell - the extracellular fluids (ECF)
- Interstitial fluid (80%)
- Blood Plasma (20%)
Special Fluids
Amniotic fluid
How do fluids move through the body?
Filtration, reabsorption, diffusion and osmosis allow continuous exchange of water ad sole amount body fluid compartments.
What is the importance of proper fluid balance and electrolytes/ions on the body’s health?
Ions are formed when electrolytes dissociate and dissolve. They serve four general functions in the body:
- Control osmosis of water between fluid compartments
- Help maintain the acid-base balance
- Carry electrical current
- Serve as cofactors
What are the functions and component of blood?
Blood has three general functions:
- Blood TRANSPORTS oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, hormones, heat and waste products
- Blood REGULATES homeostasis of all body fluids, pH, body temperature and water content of cells.
- Blood PROTECTS against excessive loss by clotting (platelets) and against infections (WBC and antibodies)
Describe the structure/ life cycle and red blood cell (erythrocytes)
- do not have a nucleus
- forms biconcave discs
- only live 120 days
- contains the protein haemoglobin (Hb) which carries iron ion
- Oxygen attaches to Hb to form oxyhemoglobin used to transport oxygen around the body
Describe the production of RBC - Erythropoiesis
- Negative feedback mechanism
- Kidneys detect lowered oxygen concentration (hypoxia) in the blood
- Stimulates kidneys to release the hormone Erythropoietin (EPO)
Erythropoiesis - beings in the red blood marrow
Reticulocytes (Immature red blood cells) enter the circulation and mature in one to two days then differentiate into erythrocytes.
Describe the function and life cycle of White blood cells (Leukocytes)
- DO NOT contain a nucleus and organelles
- Classified as
- granular (containing vesicles that appear when the cells are stained)
- Granular (contain no granules)
In healthy bodies some WBC live several months or years but most only live for a few days.
Their main function is to combat invading mircoorganinisms.
Describe the structure, function and origin of platelets
Used to clot blood
Platelets only survive for 5-9 days
Average time range for blood to clot is 10-13 seconds.
What are the major types of blood vessels and the difference in the structure?
Five main types of blood vessels:
1. Arteries
2/ Arterioles
3. Capillaries
4. Venules
5. Veins
Structure:
Three layers:
1. Tunica Interna : innermost layer, adjacent to lumen.
2. Tunuca Media: middle layer, smooth muscle and elastic fibres
3. Tunica Externa : outermost layer, adjacent to surrounding tissue
What is the importance of angiogenesis?
is the development of new blood vessels
- necessary for normal development
wound healing and uterine lining growth
-enhance heart and skeletal muscle blood flow
define arterioles:
carry blood AWAY from the heat into the tissues
Define Anastomosis:
is the union of the branches of two or more arteries supply int he same region of the body (providing collateral circulation)
define transcytosis
most capillary exchange takes place by diffusion and transcytosis
Why are valves important in circulation
Veins carry blood towards the heart
What are the key function of the lymphatic system in the body?
The lymphatic system functions to:
- return fluid and proteins to circulatory system
- Pick up fat absorbed and transferring it to circulatory system
- Serve as filter for pathogens
