The Body As A Whole Flashcards
What is a combination of two or more atoms?
Molecule
What is a small particle of an element that is made up of protons, neutrons and electrons
Atom
What type of chemical bond is the most stable and is formed when two or more atoms share electrons?
Covalent bond
Which chemical bond is considered electrically neutral because they have the same number of protons and electrons?
Polar covalent bond
Which chemical bond refers to when the atom is no longer electrically neutral because of the ratio of protons two electrons is no longer equal
Ionic bond
Process in which we convert the food we eat an air we breathe into the energy we need to function
Metabolism 
Chemical reaction that uses energy to build more complex molecules of carbs, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
Anabolism
Chemical reaction that releases energy as they break down complex compounds
Catabolism
What is the primary carrier of chemical energy in cells called?
ATP
Proteins that speed up chemical reactions, but are not consumed or altered in the process
Enzymes
What is tapwater considered if the pH is lower than 7
Acidic
What is tap water considered if the pH is higher than 7
Alkaline
Which compounds are chemical structures that do not have carbon and hydrogen atoms
Inorganic compounds
Which compounds are chemical structures I have carbon and hydrogen atoms
Organic compounds
What percentage of our body weight do carbohydrates make up?
2 to 3%
What percentage of our body weight is made up of lipids or fats?
10 to 12%
What percentage of our body weight is made up of proteins, such as amino acids, and peptides?
20%
What are the four chemical bases that make up the code in DNA?
(AGCT )
Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine
Nucleotides arranged in two long strands that form a spiral are called what
Double helix
What is a type of nucleic acid that is transcribed from DNA by enzymes and carries information to the ribosomes?
Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
What is the major component of eggs and sperm that conveys information about the genetic cycle?
Nucleic acids
Method of passive transport where movement of ions and molecules from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration
Diffusion
Diffusion of water from a region of lower solution concentration to a higher solution concentration across a semipermeable membrane
Osmosis
Method of passive transport that occurs when hydrostatic pressure forces water across a semipermeable membrane
Filtration
Bringing substances into a cell by forming vesicles is called
Endocytosis
Transporting substances out of a cell is
Exocytosis
Describe the make up of a cell
80% water
15% protein
3% lipids
1% carbohydrates
1% nucleic acids
Material that of a tissue are embedded in
Matrix
Substance that props up the tissue
Extracellular matrix
What is the most abundant tissue in the body and what is it made up of?
Connective tissue made up 90% ground substance
What type of transport requires ATP and uses energy to create ion pumps
Active transport
What are the three methods of passive transport within the cell membrane?
Diffusion
Osmosis
Filtration
Carrier mediated
Vesicular
Which method of passive transport within a cell occurs with endocytosis and exocytosis
Vesicular
Describe the three types of epithelial tissue membranes
Cutaneous - exposed to external environment
Serous - line, body cavities and not open to the external environment
Mucus - tubes that open to the exterior
What type of fiber makes it more than 1/4 of the protein in the body?
Collagen
Slippery substance between fascial layers that supports normal sliding
Hyaluronic
Describe the two types of nerve cells
Neurons - functional units
Neuralgia - connect and support the neurons
What is the difference between correlation and causation?
Correlation - two or more events that appear to be related
Causation- one event as a result of the occurrence of the other
When a cell is able to perform a specialized function, the structure of the cell is modified. This is called what?
Cell differentiation
What attaches epithelial tissues, to the underlying connective tissues?
Basement membrane
Yin vs Yang
Yin - structure
Yang - function
