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medical terminology > The Body as a Whole > Flashcards

The Body as a Whole Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

anatomic position

A
  • upright
  • face front
  • arms at sides w/ palms forward
  • feet parallel
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2
Q

anterior

A

toward or at the front (belly) of the body

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3
Q

ventral

A

toward or at the front (belly) of the body

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3
Q

posterior

A

toward or at the back (dorsum) of the body

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4
Q

dorsal

A

toward or at the back (dorsum) of the body

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5
Q

medial

A

toward the midline of the body

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6
Q

lateral

A

toward the side of the body

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7
Q

proximal

A

nearer to the point of attachment or to a given reference point

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8
Q

distal

A

farther from the point of attachment or from a given reference point

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9
Q

superior

A

above, in a higher position

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10
Q

inferior

A

below, in a lower position

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11
Q

cranial

A

toward the head

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12
Q

cephalad

A

toward the head

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13
Q

caudal

A

toward the lower end of the spine

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14
Q

what does cauda mean in Latin

A

tail

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15
Q

superficial

A

closer to the surface of the body

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16
Q

external

A

closer to the surface of the body

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17
Q

deep

A

closer to the center of the body

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18
Q

internal

A

closer to the center of the body

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19
Q

frontal plane aka

A

coronal plane

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20
Q

coronal plane aka

A

frontal plane

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21
Q

what are the two main cavities where organs are located

A

dorsal & ventral

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22
Q

dorsal cavity

contains

A
  • cranial cavity
  • spinal cavity
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23
Q

ventral cavity

contains

A
  • thoracic cavity
  • diaphragm
  • abdominal cavity
  • pelvic cavity
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24
Q

diaphragm

A

muscle used in breathing

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25
Q

which two cavities have no anatomic seperation and therefore make up their own cavity together

A

abdominopelvic cavity

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26
Q

peritoneum

per-ih-to-NE-um

A

large membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity and covers the organs within it

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27
Q

epi-

A

on, over

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28
Q

epigastric

A

region, located above the
stomach

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29
Q

umbilical

A

region, named for the umbilicus,
or navel

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30
Q

hypogastric

A

region, located below the stomach

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31
Q

hypochondriac (left & right regions)

A

regions, right and left, named for their positions near the ribs, specifically near the cartilages

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32
Q

chondr/o

A

of the ribs

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33
Q

lumbar (left & right regions)

A

regions, right and left, which are located near the small of the back (lumbar region of the spine)

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34
Q

iliac (left & right regions)

A

regions, right and left, named for the upper bone of the hip, the ilium

35
Q

iliac region is also called

A

inguinal region

ING-gwih-nal

36
Q

what is anatomic position used for

A

descriptions and studies of the body

37
Q

decubitus position

de-KU-bih-tus

A

lying down on specific side of your body

left or right lateral decubitus/ dorsal or ventral decubitus

38
Q

dorsal recumbent position

description & use

A
  • on back
  • legs bent and separated
  • feet flat

used for obstetrics and gynecology

39
Q

Fowler position

description & use

A
  • on back
  • head of bed raised about 18 inches
  • knees elevated

used to ease breathing and for drainage

40
Q

jackknife position

description & use

A
  • on back
  • shoulders elevated
  • legs flexed
  • thighs at right angles to the abdomen

;used to introduce a tube into the urethra

41
Q

knee–chest position

description & use

A
  • on knees
  • head and upper chest on table
  • arms crossed above head

used in gynecology and obstetrics and for flushing the intestine

42
Q

lateral recumbent position

A
  • on the side
  • one leg flexed
  • arm position may vary
43
Q

lithotomy position

description & use

A
  • on back
  • legs flexed on abdomen
  • thighs apart

used for gynecologic and urologic surgery

44
Q

prone

A

lying face down

45
Q

prone jackknife position

description & use

A
  • on abdomen
  • bed bent so that the body is in a V with the head and feet below the hips

Used for anorectal surgery

46
Q

Sims position

A
  • on left side
  • right leg drawn up high and forward
  • left arm along back
  • chest forward resting on bed

used for kidney and uterine surgery, colon examination, and enemas

47
Q

supine

A

lying face up

48
Q

Trendelenburg position

A
  • on back
  • head lowered by tilting bed back at 45degree angle

used for pelvic and abdominal surgery, treatment of shock

49
Q

frontal (coronal) plane

description

A

Plane of section that separates the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions

50
Q

sagittal plane

description

A

Plane that divides the body into right and left portions

51
Q

transverse (horizontal) plane

description

A

Plane that divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions

52
Q

cephal/o

A

head

53
Q

cervic/o

A

neck

54
Q

thorac/o

A

chest, thorax

55
Q

abdomin/o

A

abdomen

56
Q

celi/o

A

abdomen

57
Q

lapar/o

A

abdominal wall

58
Q

lumb/o

A

lumbar region, lower back

59
Q

periton, peritone/o

A

peritoneum

60
Q

acro

A

extremity, end

61
Q

brachi/o

A

arm

62
Q

dactyl/o

A

finger, toe

63
Q

ped/o

A

foot

64
Q

pod/o

A

foot

65
Q

circum-

A

around

66
Q

peri-

A

around

67
Q

intra-

A

in, within

68
Q

epi-

A

on, over

69
Q

extra-

A

outside

70
Q

infra-

A

below or degree

71
Q

sub-

A

below, under, or degree

72
Q

juxta-

A

near, beside

73
Q

para-

A

near, beside

74
Q

retro-

A

behind, backward

75
Q

supra-

A

above

76
Q

digit

A

A finger or toe (adjective: digital)

77
Q

epigastrium

A

The epigastric region

78
Q

fundus

A

The base or body of a hollow organ, the area of an organ farthest from its opening

79
Q

hypochondrium

A

The hypochondriac region (left or right)

80
Q

lumen

A

The central opening within a tube or hollow organ

81
Q

meatus

A

A passage or opening

82
Q

orifice

A

opening of a cavity

83
Q

os

A

Mouth, any body opening

84
Q

septum

A

A wall dividing two cavities

85
Q

sinus

A

A cavity, as within a bone

86
Q

sphincter

A

A circular muscle that regulates an opening

medical terminology (28 decks)

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