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medical terminology > Chapter 3 general terminology > Flashcards

Chapter 3 general terminology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

remission

A

A lessening of disease symptoms, the period during which such lessening occurs

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2
Q

septicemia

A

Presence of pathogenic bacteria in the blood, blood poisoning

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3
Q

systemic

A

Pertaining to the whole body

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4
Q

abscess

A

a localized collections of pus

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5
Q

adhesion

A

A uniting of two surfaces or parts that may normally be separated

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6
Q

anaplasia

A

Lack of normal differentiation, as shown by cancer cells

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7
Q

ascites

A

Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

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8
Q

cellulitis

A

A spreading inflammation of tissue

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9
Q

effusion

A

Escape of fluid into a cavity or other body part

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10
Q

exudate

A

Material that escapes from blood vessels as a result of tissue injury

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11
Q

fissure

A

A groove or split

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12
Q

fistula

A

An abnormal passage between two organs or from an organ to the surface of the body

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13
Q

gangrene

A

Death of tissue, usually caused by lack of blood supply; may be associated with bacterial infection and decomposition

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14
Q

hyperplasia

A

Excessive growth of normal cells in normal arrangement

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15
Q

hypertrophy

A

An increase in the size of an organ without increase in the number of cells; may result from an increase in activity, as in muscles

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16
Q

induration

A

Hardening, an abnormally hard spot or place

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17
Q

metaplasia

A

Conversion of cells to a form that is not normal for that tissue (prefix meta- means “change”)

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18
Q

polyp

A

A tumor attached by a thin stalk

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19
Q

purulent

A

Forming or containing pus

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20
Q

suppuration

A

Pus formation

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21
Q

AF

A

acid fast

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22
Q

CA

A

cancer

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23
Q

CIS

A

carcinoma in situ

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24
Q

FUO

A

fever of unknown origin

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25
Q

Gm+

A

gram positive

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26
Q

Gm-

A

gram negative

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27
Q

MDR

A

multidrug resistant

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28
Q

MRSA

A

Methicillin-resistant S. aureus

29
Q

Staph

A

Staphylococcus

30
Q

Strep

A

Streptococcus

31
Q

VRSA

A

Vancomycin-resistant S. aureus

32
Q

Palpation

A

touching the surface of the body with the hands or fingers

33
Q

Percussion

A

tapping the body to evaluate tissue according to the sounds produced

34
Q

Auscultation

A

listening to body sounds with a stethoscope

35
Q

anesthesia

A

Loss of the ability to feel pain, as by administration of a drug

36
Q

auscultation
aws-kul-TA-shun

A

Listening for sounds within the body, usually within the chest or abdomen

37
Q

biopsy
BI-op-se

A

Removal of a small amount of tissue for microscopic examination

38
Q

cautery
KAW-ter-e

A

Destruction of tissue by a damaging agent, such as a harmful chemical, heat, or electric current (electrocautery); cauterization

39
Q

chemotherapy
ke-mo-THER-ah-pe

A

Use of chemicals to treat disease; the term is often applied specifically to the treatment of cancer with chemicals

40
Q

diagnosis
di-ag-NO-sis

A

The process of determining the cause and nature of an illness

41
Q

endoscope
EN-do-skope

A

An instrument for examining the inside of an organ or cavity through a body opening or small incision; most endoscopes use fiber optics for viewing

42
Q

excision
ek-SIZH-un

A

Removal by cutting (suffix: -ectomy)

43
Q

fixation
fik-SA-shun

A

Holding or fastening a structure in a firm position (suffix: -pexy)

44
Q

-ectomy

A

Removal by cutting

45
Q

grading
GRA-ding

A

A method for evaluating a tumor based on microscopic examination of the cells

46
Q

immunotherapy
im-u-no-THER-ah-pe

A

Treatment that involves stimulation or suppression of the immune system, either specifically or nonspecifically

47
Q

incision
in-SIZH-un

A

A cut, as for surgery; also the act of cutting (suffix: -tomy)

48
Q

laser
LA-zer

A

A device that transforms light into a beam of intense heat and power; used for surgery and diagnosis

49
Q

ophthalmoscope
of-THAL-mo-skope

A

An instrument for examining the interior of the eye

50
Q

otoscope
O-to-skope

A

Instrument used to examine the ears

51
Q

palliative therapy
PAL-e-ah-tiv

A

Providing relief but not cure; a treatment that provides such relief

52
Q

prognosis
prog-NO-sis

A

Prediction of a disease’s course and outcome

53
Q

radiography
ra-de-OG-rah-fe

A

Use of x-rays passed through the body to make a visual record (radiograph) of internal structures either on specially sensitized film or digitally; roentgenography (rent-geh-NOG-rah-fe)

54
Q

sign
sine

A

Objective evidence of disease that can be observed or tested; examples are fever, rash, high blood pressure, and blood or urine abnormalities; an objective symptom

55
Q

sphygmomanometer
sfig-mo-mah-NOM-eh-ter

A

Blood pressure apparatus or blood pressure cuff; pressure is read in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) when the heart is contracting (systolic pressure) and when the heart is relaxing (diastolic pressure) and is reported as systolic/diastolic

56
Q

staging
STA-jing

A

The process of classifying malignant tumors for diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis

57
Q

suture
SU-chur

A

To unite parts by stitching them together; also the thread or other material used in that process or the seam formed by surgical stitching (suffix: -rhaphy)

58
Q

symptom
SIMP-tum

A

Any evidence of disease; sometimes limited to subjective evidence of disease as experienced by the individual, such as pain, dizziness, and weakness

59
Q

therapy
THER-ah-pe

A

Treatment, intervention

60
Q

vital signs
VI-tal

A

Measurements that reflect basic functions necessary to maintain life

61
Q

biofeedback
bi-o-FEDE-bak

A

A method for learning control of involuntary physiologic responses by using electronic devices to monitor bodily changes and feeding this information back to a person

62
Q

chiropractic
ki-ro-PRAK-tik

A

A science that stresses the condition of the nervous system in diagnosis and treatment of disease; often, the spine is manipulated to correct misalignment; most patients consult for musculoskeletal pain and headaches (from Greek cheir, meaning “hand”)

63
Q

holistic health care
ho-LIS-tik

A

Practice of treating a person as a whole entity with physical, emotional, social, and spiritual needs; it stresses comprehensive care, involvement in one’s own care, and the maintenance of good health rather than the treatment of disease

64
Q

homeopathy
ho-me-OP-ah-the

A

A philosophy of treating disease by administering drugs in highly diluted form along with promoting healthy life habits and a healthy environment (from home/o, meaning “same,” and path/o, meaning “disease”)

65
Q

massage
ma-SAHJ

A

Manipulation of the body or portion of the body to calm, relieve tension, increase circulation, and stimulate muscles

66
Q

meditation
med-ih-TA-shun

A

Process of clearing the mind by concentrating on the inner self while controlling breathing and perhaps repeating a word or phrase (mantra)

67
Q

naturopathy
na-chur-OP-ah-the

A

A therapeutic philosophy of helping people heal themselves by developing healthy lifestyles; naturopaths may use some of the methods of conventional medicine (from nature and path/o, meaning “disease”)

68
Q

osteopathy
os-te-OP-ah-the

A

A system of therapy based on the theory that the body can overcome disease when it has normal structure, a favorable environment, and proper nutrition; osteopaths use standard medical practices for diagnosis and treatment but stress the identification and correction of faulty body structure (from oste/o, meaning “bone,” and path/o, meaning “disease”)

medical terminology (28 decks)

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