Cell Structures

Question 1

plasma membrane

Description

composed mainly of

Answer 1

outer layer of the cell, composed mainly of lipids and proteins

Question 2

plasma membrane

Function

Answer 2

• encloses the cell contents
• regulates what enters and leaves the cell
  participates in
• growth, reproduction, and interactions between cells

Question 3

microvilli

(mi-kro-VIL-i)

Description

Answer 3

short extensions of the cell membrane

Question 4

microvilli

(mi-kro-VIL-i)

Function

Answer 4

absorb materials into the cell

Question 5

nucleus

Description

Answer 5

• large
• membrane-bound,
• darkstaining organelle
• near the center of the cell

Question 6

nucleus

Function

Answer 6

makes ribosomes

Question 7

cytoplasm

Description

Answer 7

colloidal suspension that fills the cell from the nuclear membrane to the plasma membrane

Question 8

cytoplasm

Function

What does cytoplasm consists of?

Answer 8

site of many cellular activities; consists of cytosol and organelles

Question 9

colloidal suspension

Answer 9

mixtures in which microscopically dispersed insoluble particles of one substance are suspended in another substance.

Question 10

cytosol

Description

Answer 10

fluid portion of the cytoplasm

Question 11

cytosol

Function

Answer 11

surrounds the organelles

Question 12

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Description

Answer 12

network of membranes within the cytoplasm; rough ER has ribosomes attached to it; smooth ER does not

Question 13

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Function of rough ER

Answer 13

rough ER modifies, folds, and sorts proteins;

Question 14

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Function of smooth ER

Answer 14

lipid synthesis

Question 15

ribosomes

Description

composedof

Answer 15

• small bodies free in the cytoplasm
• or attached to the ER
• composed of RNA and protein

Question 16

ribosomes

Function

Answer 16

manufacture proteins

Question 17

How many chromosomes are in each human cell

Answer 17

46 chromosomes in each human cell

except egg and sperm cells

Question 18

Golgi apparatus

Description

Answer 18

layers of membranes

Question 19

Golgi apparatus

Function

Answer 19

• modifies proteins
• sorts and prepares proteins for transport to other parts of the cell or out of the cell

Question 20

mitochondria

Description

Answer 20

large organelles with internal folded membranes

Question 21

mitochondria

Function

Answer 21

convert energy from nutrients into ATP

Question 22

lysosomes

Description

Answer 22

small sacs of digestive enzymes

Question 23

lysosomes

Function

Answer 23

digest substances within the cell

Question 24

peroxisomes

(per-OKS-ih-somz)

Description

Answer 24

membrane-enclosed organelles containing enzymes

Question 25

peroxisomes

(per-OKS-ih-somz)

Function

Answer 25

break down harmful substances

Question 26

vesicles

Description

Answer 26

small membranebound sacs in the cytoplasm

Question 27

vesicles

Function

Answer 27

store materials and move materials into or out of the cell in bulk

Question 28

centrioles

Description

Answer 28

rodshaped bodies (usually two) near the nucleus

Question 29

centrioles

Function

Answer 29

help separate the chromosomes during cell division

Question 30

surface projections

Description

Answer 30

structures that extend from the cell

Question 31

surface projections

Function

Answer 31

move the cell or the fluids around the cell

Question 32

cilia

Description

Answer 32

short, hairlike projections from the cell

Question 33

cilia

Function

Answer 33

move the fluids around the cell

Question 34

flagellum

Description

Answer 34

long, whiplike extension from the cell

Question 35

flagellum

Function

Answer 35

moves the cell