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Medical Terminology > The Body > Flashcards

The Body Flashcards

1
Q

abdomen

A

space below the chest that contains organs such as the stomach, liver, intestines, and gallbladder. Lies between the diaphragm and the pelvis

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2
Q

adenoids

A

enlarged lymphatic tissue in the upper part of the throat near the nasal passageways

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3
Q

adnexa uteri

A

accessory structures of the uterus (ovaries and fallopian tubes)

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4
Q

adrenal cortex

A

outermost part of the adrenal gland. Secretes steroid hormones such as glucocorticoids (cortisone)

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5
Q

adrenal glands

A

two endocrine glands, each above a kidney. Produce hormones such as adrenaline (epinephrine) and hydrocortisone (cortisol)

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6
Q

adrenaline

A

hormone secreted by the adrenal glands. Released into bloodstream in response to stress, such as from fear or physical injury. Also known as epinephrine

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7
Q

adrenocorticotropic hormone

A

hormone secreted by the pituitary gland. Stimulates the adrenal gland (cortex or outer region) to secrete the hormone cortisone. Also called ACTH

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8
Q

albuminuria

A

albumin (protein) found in urine; it indicates a malfunction of the kidney

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9
Q

Air sacs

A

thin-walled sacs within the lung. Inhaled oxygen passes into the blood from the sacs, and carbon dioxide passes out from the blood into the sacs to be exhaled

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10
Q

albumin

A

a large-molecule protein found in blood and tissues

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11
Q

alkaline phophatase

A

an enzyme present in blood and body tissues, such as bone and liver. Elevated in diseases such as those of bone and liver

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12
Q

alveolar

A

pertaining to air sacs (alveoli) within the lungs

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13
Q

alveolus

A

an air sac within the lung

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14
Q

androgen

A

hormone that controls the development of masculine characteristics

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15
Q

angiotensin

A

hormone that is a powerful vasoconstrictor and raises blood pressure

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16
Q

anterior

A

located in the front

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17
Q

aorta

A

largest artery, leads from lower left chamber of heart to arteries all over the body

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18
Q

apex

A

pointed end of an organ

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19
Q

appendix

A

small sac that hangs from the juncture of the small and large intestines in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen

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20
Q

arachnoid membrane

A

the middle membrane of the meninges

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21
Q

arteriole

A

small artery

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22
Q

artery

A

largest blood vessel, carry blood away from heart

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23
Q

AST

A

aspartate transferase, enzyme normally present in blood and tissues such as heart and liver

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24
Q

atrium

A

upper chamber of the heart

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25
Q

auditory canal

A

passageway leading into ear from outside of body

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26
Q

auditory nerve

A

nerve that carries messages from the inner ear to the brain

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27
Q

aural discharge

A

fluid or material from the ear

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28
Q

axial

A

pertaining to an axis. Axial views are seen in CT and MRI scans

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29
Q

axillary

A

pertaining to the armpit or underarm

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30
Q

bilateral

A

pertaining to two sides

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31
Q

bile

A

yellow or orange fluid produced by the liver. Breaks up large fat globules and helps in digestion of fats

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32
Q

bile duct

A

tube that carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the intestine

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33
Q

bilirubin

A

a red blood cell pigment excreted with bile from the liver into the intestine (released from hemoglobin breakdown and processed in the liver)

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34
Q

bone

A

hard, rigid type of connective tissue that makes up most of the skeleton

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35
Q

bone marrow

A

soft, sponge-like material in inner part of bones

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36
Q

bronchial tube

A

one of two tubes that carry air from the trachea to the lungs

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37
Q

bronchiole

A

small bronchial tube

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38
Q

bursa

A

sac of fluid near a joint

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39
Q

calcaneus

A

heel bone

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40
Q

callus

A

bony deposit formed between and around the broken ends of a fractured bone. Also, a painless thickening of skin cells in areas of external pressure or friction

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41
Q

capillary

A

smallest blood vessel

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42
Q

carpals

A

wrist bones

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43
Q

cartilage

A

flexible, fibrous connective tissue, found as part of the nose, ears, trachea, larynx and chiefly attached to bones at joints

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44
Q

cauda equina

A

bundle of nerve fibers and nerve roots extending from the end of the spinal cord (L3) to the sacral and coccygeal nerves (latin for horse’s tail, which describes its appearance)

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45
Q

cephalic

A

pertaining to the head

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46
Q

caudal

A

pertaining to the tail or the lower portion of the body

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47
Q

cerebellum

A

lower, back part of brain that coordinates muscle movement and balance

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48
Q

cerebrospinal fluid

A

fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord

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49
Q

cerebrum

A

largest part of brain, controls thought processes, hearing, speech, vision and body movements

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50
Q

cervical

A

pertaining to the neck of the body or the neck of the uterus

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51
Q

cervical region/cervical vertebra

A

seven backbones in area of the neck

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52
Q

cholesterol

A

fatty substance made in the liver and found in the bloodstream. Important part of all cells and is necessary for creating hormones. It may accumulate in the lining of arteries, such as in the heart, causing heart disease, or in the gallbladder to form gallstones. Normal adult levels are 120 to 200 mg/dL

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53
Q

clavicle

A

collarbone

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54
Q

coccygeal

A

pertaining to the tailbone (coccyx)

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55
Q

coccygeal region

A

four fused bones at the base of the spinal column

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56
Q

connective tissue

A

fibrous tissue that supports and connects internal organs, bones, and walls of blood vessels

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57
Q

corium

A

middle layer of the skin below the epidermis; (dermis)

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58
Q

cornea

A

transparent layer over the front of the eye; bends light to focus it on sensitive cells at the back of the eye

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59
Q

coronary arteries

A

blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood from the aorta to the heart muscle

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60
Q

cortex

A

outer part of an organ

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61
Q

costochondral

A

pertaining to a rib and its cartilage

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62
Q

cranial cavity

A

space surrounded by the skull and containing the brain and other organs

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63
Q

creatinine

A

nitrogen-containing waste that is removed from the blood by the kidney and excreted in urine

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64
Q

cross-section

A

division of an organ or the body into upper and lower portions (transverse plane)

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65
Q

cusp

A

any one of the small flaps on the valves of the heart. Also, a sharp projection extending from the surface of a tooth

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66
Q

dermal

A

pertaining to the skin

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67
Q

dermis

A

fibrous mdidle layer of the skin below the epidermis. Contains nerves and blood vessels, hair roots, and oil and sweat glands

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68
Q

diaphragm

A

muscle that separates the chest from the abdomen

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69
Q

disk

A

pad of cartilage that is between each backbone

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70
Q

diverticula

A

small pouches or sacs created by herniation of mucous membrane linings, most commonly in the colon

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71
Q

duodenal

A

pertaining to the duodenum

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72
Q

duodenum

A

first part of the small intestine

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73
Q

dura mater

A

outermost of the three layers of the meninges surrounding the brain and the spinal cord. Toughest of the three layers

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74
Q

eardrum

A

membrane separating the outer and middle parts of the ear; the tympanic membrane

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75
Q

electrolyte

A

substance that conducts an electrical current and is found in blood (serum) and body cells. Examples: sodium, potassium, calcium and chloride

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76
Q

embryo

A

organism in early stage of development, 2-6 weeks

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77
Q

endocrine glands

A

organs that produce (secrete) hormones

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78
Q

endoscope

A

instrument used to view a hollow organ or body cavity

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79
Q

enteric

A

pertaining to the small intestine

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80
Q

epidermis

A

outer layer of the skin

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81
Q

epiglottis

A

flap of cartilage that covers the mouth of the trachea when swallowing, occurs so that food cannot enter the airway

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82
Q

esophagus

A

tube leading from throat to stomach

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83
Q

esophageal

A

pertaining to the esophagus

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84
Q

eustachian tube

A

channel connecting the middle part of the ear with the throat

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85
Q

exocrine glands

A

glands that produce (secrete) chemicals that leave the body through tubes (ducts), e.g. tears, sweat

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86
Q

extracranial

A

pertaining to outside of skull

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87
Q

extrahepatic

A

pertaining to outside the liver

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88
Q

extrapulmonary

A

outside the lungs

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89
Q

femur

A

thigh bone

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90
Q

fetus

A

from 8 weeks until birth

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91
Q

gallbladder

A

sac below the liver that stores bile and delivers it to the small intestine

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92
Q

gland

A

group of cells that secretes chemicals to the outside of the body or hormones directly into the bloodstream

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93
Q

glial cells

A

supporting cells of nervous tissue in the brain. Examples include astrocytes, microglia and oligodendroglia. Source of primary brain tumors

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94
Q

glucocorticoid

A

hormone secreted by the adrenal gland (cortex) to raise blood sugar levels, e.g. cortisone and cortisol

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95
Q

growth hormone

A

hormone secreted by the pituitary gland to stimulate the growth of bones and the body in general. Also called somatotropin

96
Q

hepatic

A

pertaining to the liver

97
Q

high-density lipoprotein

A

combination of fat and protein in the blood. Carries cholesterol to the liver

98
Q

hilum

A

depression at that part of an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter

99
Q

hormone

A

chemical made by a gland and sent directly into the bloodstream, not to the outside of the body

100
Q

humerus

A

upper arm bone

101
Q

ilium

A

side, high portion of the hip bone (pelvis)

102
Q

inguinal

A

pertaining to the groin

103
Q

insulin

A

hormone produced by pancreas and released into bloodstream, allows sugar to leave blood and enter body cells

104
Q

intervertebral

A

pertaining to lying between two backbones

105
Q

intra-abdominal

A

pertaining to within the abdomen

106
Q

intravesical

A

pertaining to within the urinary bladder

107
Q

jejunum

A

second part of small intestine

108
Q

laryngeal

A

pertaining to the larynx

109
Q

larynx

A

located at top of trachea and containing vocal cords

110
Q

lateral

A

pertaining to the side

111
Q

lens

A

structure behind pupil of eye that bends light rays so they are properly focused on the retina at the back of the eye

112
Q

liver

A

organ in upper right quadrant of abdomen; produces bile, stores sugar, produces blood-clotting proteins

113
Q

low-density lipoprotein

A

has high cholesterol content and is associated with formation of plaques in arteries

114
Q

lumbar

A

pertaining to the loins; part of the back and sides between the chest and the hip

115
Q

lumbar region

A

pertaining to the backbones that lie between the thoracic and sacral vertebrae

116
Q

lumbar vertebra

A

a backbone in the region between the chest and lower back

117
Q

lung capillaries

A

tiny blood vessels surrounding lung tissue and through which gases pass into and out of the bloodstream

118
Q

lymphatic vessels

A

carry lymph from tissues to bloodstream

119
Q

mediastinal

A

pertaining to the mediastinum

120
Q

mediastinum

A

space between the lungs in the chest. Contains the heart, large blood vessels, trachea, esophagus, thymus gland, and lymph nodes

121
Q

medulla oblongata

A

lower part of the brain near the spinal cord. Controls breathing and heartbeat

122
Q

medullary

A

pertaining to the inner, or soft, part of an organ

123
Q

meninges

A

membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord

124
Q

menorrhea

A

normal discharge of blood and tissue from the uterine lining during menstruation

125
Q

metacarpals

A

bones of the hand between the wrist bones (carpals) and the finger bones (phalanges)

126
Q

hypochondriac

A

pertaining to lateral regions of the upper abdomen beneath the lower ribs. Also, describes a person who has chronic concern about his or her health and body functions

127
Q

hypodermic

A

pertaining to under or below the skin

128
Q

hypophyseal

A

pertaining to the pituitary gland

129
Q

ligament

A

connective tissue that joins bones to other bones

130
Q

ligamentous

A

pertaining to a ligament

131
Q

metatarsals

A

foot bones

132
Q

monocyte

A

white blood cell with one large nucleus

133
Q

muscle

A

connective tissue that contracts to make movements possible

134
Q

musculoskeletal system

A

organs that support the body and allow it to move, including the muscles, bones, joints and connective tissues

135
Q

myelin sheath

A

fatty covering around part (axon) of nerve cells. Insulates the nerve, helping to speed conduction of nerve impulses

136
Q

myocardial

A

pertaining to the muscle of the heart

137
Q

neonatal

A

pertaining to new birth; the first 4 weeks after birth

138
Q

nervous system

A

organs (brain, spinal cord and nerves) that transmit electrical messages throughout the body

139
Q

neural

A

pertaining to nerves

140
Q

nevus

A

pigmented lesion on the skin; a mole

141
Q

ocular

A

pertaining to the eye

142
Q

optic nerve

A

nerve in the back of the eye that transmits light waves to the brain

143
Q

organ

A

independent part of the body composed of different tissues working together to do a specific job

144
Q

pancreas

A

gland that produces digestive juices (exocrine function) and the hormone insulin (endocrine function)

145
Q

parathyroid glands

A

four endocrine glands behind the thyroid gland. Concerned with maintaining the proper levels of calcium in the blood and bones

146
Q

parathyroid hormone

A

hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands to maintain a constant concentration of calcium in the blood and bones

147
Q

patella

148
Q

pelvic

A

pertaining to the bones of the hip area

149
Q

pelvic cavity

A

space contained within the hip bones (front and sides) and the lower part of the backbone (sacrum and coccyx)

150
Q

pelvis

A

lower part of the trunk of the body including the hip bone, tailbone, and sacrum

151
Q

percutaneous

A

pertaining to through the skin

152
Q

perianal

A

pertaining to surrounding the anus

153
Q

pericardium

A

membrane surrounding the heart

154
Q

periosteum

A

membrane that surrounds bone

155
Q

peritoneal

A

pertaining to the peritoneum

156
Q

peritoneal fluid

A

fluid produced in the abdominal cavity

157
Q

peritoneum

A

membrane that surrounds the abdomen and holds the abdominal organs in place

158
Q

phalanges

A

finger and toe bones

159
Q

pharyngeal

A

pertaining to the pharynx (throat)

160
Q

pharynx

A

organ behind the mouth that receives swallowed fod and delivers it into the esophagus. Also receives air from the nose and passes it to the trachea

161
Q

phrenic

A

pertaining to diaphragm

162
Q

pilosebaceous

A

pertaining to hair and its associated sebaceous gland

163
Q

pineal gland

A

small endocrine gland within the brain that secretes the hormone melatonin. In lower animals, is a receptor for light

164
Q

pituitary gland

A

organ at the base of the brain that secretes hormones. These enter the blood to regulate other organs and endocrine glands

165
Q

platelet

A

cell in the blood that aids clotting; a thrombocyte

166
Q

pleura

A

double membrane that surrounds the lungs

167
Q

pleural cavity

A

space between each pleura surrounding the lung

168
Q

pneumothorax

A

abnormal accumulation of air in the space between the pleurae

169
Q

posteroanterior

A

pertaining to direction from back to front

170
Q

posterior

A

located in the back portion of a structure or of the body

171
Q

progesterone

A

hormone secreted by the ovaries to prepare to maintain the uterine lining during pregnancy

172
Q

prostate gland

A

male gland that surrounds base of urinary bladder. Produces semen.

173
Q

pulmonary

A

pertaining to the lungs

174
Q

pulmonary artery

A

artery carrying blood from the right ventricle to the lungs

175
Q

pulmonary circulation

A

passage of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart

176
Q

pupil

A

black centre of eye through which light enters

177
Q

radius

A

one of two lower arm bones. Located on the thumb side of the hand

178
Q

rectum

A

end of colon. Delivers wastes to the anus for elimination

179
Q

renal

A

pertaining to the kidney

180
Q

renal pelvis

A

central section of the kidney where urine collects

181
Q

retina

A

layer of sensitive cells at the back of the eye. Light is focused on the retina and then transmitted to the optic nerve, which leads to the brain

182
Q

retrogastric

A

pertaining to behind the stomach

183
Q

retroperitoneal

A

pertaining to behind the peritoneum

184
Q

rib

A

one of twelve paired bones surrounding the chest. Seven ribs (true ribs) attach directly to the breastbone, three (false ribs) attach to the seventh rib, and two (floating ribs) are not attached at all

185
Q

sacral

A

pertaining to the sacrum

186
Q

sacral region

A

five fused bones in the loewr back, below the lumbar bones and wedged between two parts of the hip (ileum)

187
Q

sacrum

A

triangular bone in the lower back, below the lumbar bones and formed by five fused bones

188
Q

sagittal plane

A

an imaginary plane that divides an organ or the body into right and left portions. Midsagittal plane divides a structure equally into right and left halves

189
Q

scapula

A

shoulder bone

190
Q

sclera

A

white, outer coat of eyeball

191
Q

sella turcica

A

cup-like depression at the base of the skull that holds the pituitary gland

192
Q

sigmoid colon

A

S-shaped lower portion of the colon

193
Q

sinus

A

a cavity or space, such as in a bone. Also refers to sinoatrial node or pacemaker of the heart

194
Q

small intestine

A

organ that receives food from the stomach. Divided into the duodenum, jejunum and ileum

195
Q

spinal cavity

A

space in the back that contains the spinal cord and is surrounded by the backbones

196
Q

spleen

A

organ in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. Stores blood cells and destroys red blood cells while producing white blood cells (lymphocytes)

197
Q

sternum

A

breastbone

198
Q

subcostal

A

pertaining to below the ribs

199
Q

subcutaneous tissue

A

lower layer of the skin composed of fatty tissue

200
Q

subgastric

A

pertaining to below the stomach

201
Q

subhepatic

A

pertaining to below the liver

202
Q

subscapular

A

pertaining to under the shoulder bone

203
Q

subtotal

A

less than total

204
Q

subungual

A

pertaining to under a nail

205
Q

suprarenal glands

A

two endocrine glands, each located above a kidney

206
Q

systemic circulation

A

passage of blood from the heart to tissues of body and back to heart

207
Q

systemic lupus erythematosus

A

chronic inflammatory disease affecting many systems of the body (joints, skin, kidneys and nerves). Red (erythematous) rash over the nose and cheeks is characteristic

208
Q

tendon

A

connective tissue that joins muscles to bones

209
Q

thoracic

A

pertaining to the chest

210
Q

thoracic cavity

A

space above abdomen that contains heart, lungs, and other organs

211
Q

thoracic region

A

backbones attached to ribs and located in the region of the chest, between the neck and the waist

212
Q

thrombocyte

A

clotting cell; platelet

213
Q

thymus gland

A

endocrine gland in the middle of the chest that produces the hormone thymosin. Much larger in children, aids immune system by stimulating the production of lymphocytes

214
Q

thyroid gland

A

endocrine gland in the neck that produces hormones that act on cells all over the body. The hormones increase activity of cells by stiulating metabolism and release of energy

215
Q

thyroid-stimulating hormone

A

hormone secreted by the pituitary gland to stimulate the thyroid gland to produce its hormones, such as thyroxine

216
Q

thyroxine

A

hormone secreted by the thyroid gland

217
Q

tibia

A

larger of the two lower leg bones; the shin bone

218
Q

tissue capillaries

A

tiny blood vessels that lie near cells and through whose walls gases, food and waste materials pass

219
Q

tonsils

A

llymphatic tissue in the back of the mouth near the throat

220
Q

trachea

A

tube that carries air from the throat to the bronchial tubes

221
Q

transabdominal

A

pertaining to across the abdomen

222
Q

transdermal

A

pertaining to through the skin

223
Q

transgastric

A

pertaining to through/across the stomach

224
Q

transhepatic

A

pertaining to across/through the liver

225
Q

transurethral

A

pertaining to across/through the urethra

226
Q

transverse plane

A

imaginary plane that divides an organ or the body into an upper and a lower portion; a cross-sectional view

227
Q

tricuspid valve

A

fold of tissue between the upper and lower chambers on the right side of the heart. Has three cusps or points and prevents backflow of blood into the right atrium when heart is pumping blood

228
Q

triglyceride

A

fat consisting of three molecules of fatty acid and glycerol

229
Q

ulna

A

one of two lower arm bones. Located on little finger side of hand

230
Q

unilateral

A

pertaining to one side

231
Q

ureter

A

one of two tubes that lead from the kidney to the urinary bladder

232
Q

valve

A

natural or artificial structure that prevents backward flow of fluid

233
Q

vascular

A

pertaining to blood vessels

234
Q

ventricle

A

one of two lower chambers of heart. Right receives blood from right atrium and sends it to the lungs. Left receives blood from left atrium and sends it to the body through the aorta

235
Q

venule

A

small vein

236
Q

vesical

A

pertaining to the urinary bladder

237
Q

visceral

A

pertaining to the internal organs

Medical Terminology (7 decks)

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