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Medical Terminology > Drugs, Diseases and Conditions > Flashcards

Drugs, Diseases and Conditions Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

abnormal

A

pertaining to being away from the norm; irregular

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2
Q

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

A

suppression or deficiency of the immune response caused by exposure to the HIV

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3
Q

acromegaly

A

enlargement of the extremities as a result of thickening of the bones and soft tissues; it is caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland (after completion of puberty)

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4
Q

acute

A

sharp, sudden, and intense for a short period of time

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5
Q

acute myocardial ischemia

A

sudden decrease in blood flow to heart muscle

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6
Q

adenitis

A

inflammation of a gland

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7
Q

adenocarcinoma

A

cancerous tumour derived from glandular cells

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8
Q

adenoma

A

benign tumor of glandular cells

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9
Q

adenopathy

A

disease of glands. Often refers to enlargement of lymph nodes (which are not true glands, but collections of lymphatic tissue)

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10
Q

adrenopathy

A

disease of adrenal glands

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11
Q

alopecia

A

loss of hair; baldness

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12
Q

ALT

A

alanine transferase, an enzyme normally found in blood and tissues, especially the liver. Is elevated in liver disease

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13
Q

Alzheimer disease

A

deterioration of mental capacity (irreversible dementia) marked by intellectual deterioration, disorganization of personality and difficulties in carrying out tasks of daily living

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14
Q

amenorrhea

A

absence of menstrual periods

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15
Q

analgesic

A

medication that reduces or eliminates pain

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16
Q

anemia

A

deficiency of hemoglobin and/or in number of red blood cells which results in reduced oxygen to body cells

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17
Q

aneurysm

A

localized widening of the wall of an artery, of a vein, or of the heart

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18
Q

angina

A

sharp pain in the chest resulting from a decrease in blood supply to heart muscle

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19
Q

ankylosing spondylitis

A

chronic inflammation of the vertebrae with stiffening of spinal joints so that movement becomes increasingly painful

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20
Q

ankylosis

A

stiffening and immobility of a joint caused by injury, disease, or a surgical procedure

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21
Q

antenatal, antepartum

A

before birth

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22
Q

antiarrhythmic

A

pertaining to a drug that works against or prevents abnormal heartbeats

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23
Q

antibiotic

A

a chemical substance produced by various microorganisms or fungi that inhibits or destroys bacteria or other small organisms

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24
Q

anticoagulent

A

drug that prevents clotting. Given when there is danger of clot formation in blood vessels, as may happen after a heart attack

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25
Q

antitubercular

A

agent or drug used to treat tuberculosis

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26
Q

anuria

A

lack of urine formation by the kidney

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27
Q

aortic stenosis

A

narrowing of the aorta

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28
Q

aphakia

A

absence of the lens of the eye

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29
Q

aphasia

A

absence or impairment of communication through speech

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30
Q

apnea

A

temporary stoppage of breathing

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31
Q

arrhythmia

A

abnormal heart rhythm

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32
Q

arteriolitis

A

inflammation of small arteries

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33
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

hardening of the arteries

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34
Q

arthralgia

A

pain in a joint

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35
Q

arthropathy

A

disease of joints

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36
Q

arthrosis

A

abnormal condition of a joint

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37
Q

ascites

A

abnormal collection of fluid in the abdomen

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38
Q

asphyxia

A

deficiency of oxygen in the blood and increase in carbon dioxide in blood and tissues

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39
Q

asthma

A

difficult breathing caused by a spasm of the bronchial tubes or a swelling of their mucous membrane lining

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40
Q

atelectasis

A

collapsed lung

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41
Q

atherosclerosis

A

type of arteriosclerosis caused by collection of fatty, cholesterol-like deposits (plaque) in the arteries

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42
Q

atrophy

A

decrease in size of cells within an organ

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43
Q

aura

A

a strange sensation coming before more definite symptoms of illness. Often precedes a migraine headache

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44
Q

bactericidal

A

pertaining to an agent that destroys bacteria

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45
Q

bacteriostatic

A

pertaining to an agent that inhibits bacterial growth

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46
Q

benign

A

not cancerous; a tumour that does not spread and is limited in growth

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47
Q

benign prostatic hyperplasia

A

nonmalignant enlargement of the prostate gland

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48
Q

benzodiazepine

A

drug used to relieve anxiety, relax muscles, and produce sedation

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49
Q

beta blocker

A

drug that is used for the treatment of high blood pressure (hypertension), chest pain (angina), and abnormal rhythms of the heart (arrhythmias)

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50
Q

bradycardia

A

slow heartbeat

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51
Q

bronchiolitis

A

inflammation of bronchioles

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52
Q

bronchitis

A

inflammation of bronchial tubes

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53
Q

bursitis

A

inflammation of a bursa

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54
Q

calcium channel blocker

A

drug that dilates arteries by inhibiting the flow of calcium into muscle cells that line arteries. Used to treat hypertension and angina

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55
Q

calculus

A

stone

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56
Q

carcinoma

A

cancerous tumor. Form from epithelial cells, which line the internal organs and cover the outside of the body

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57
Q

cardiomegaly

A

enlargement of the heart

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58
Q

cardiomyopathy

A

disease of heart muscle

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59
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

group of symptoms resulting from compression of the median nerve in the wrist. Symptoms include tingling, pain, and burnign sensations in the hand and wrist

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60
Q

cataract

A

clouding of the lens of the eye

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61
Q

cathartic

A

pertaining to a substance that causes the release of feces from the large intestine

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62
Q

cellulitis

A

inflammation of soft tissue under the skin; marked by swelling, redness and pain and is caused by bacterial infection

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63
Q

cephalgia

A

headache (short form of cephalagia)

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64
Q

cephalosporin

A

antibiotic similar to penicillin and used to treat infections of the respiratory tract, ear, urinary tract, bones and blood

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65
Q

cerebrovascular accident

A

disorder of blood vessels within the cerebrum resulting from inadequate blood supply to brain

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66
Q

chlamydial infection

A

a bacterial infection commonly transmitted by sexual contact

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67
Q

cholelithiasis

A

abnormal condition of gallstones

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68
Q

chondroma

A

benign tumor of cartilage

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69
Q

chondrosarcoma

A

malignant tumor of cartilage

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70
Q

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

A

chronic limitation in airflow into and out of the body; includes chronic bronchitis, asthma, and emphysema

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71
Q

cirrhosis

A

liver disease with deterioration of the liver cells. Often caused by alcoholism and poor nutrition

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72
Q

colonic polyposis

A

condition of growths or masses protruding from the mucous membrane lining the colon

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73
Q

concussion

A

loss of consciousness resulting from a blow to the head

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74
Q

congestive heart failure

A

condition in which the heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood, resulting in inadequate oxygen to body cells

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75
Q

conjunctiva

A

thin protective membrane over the front of the eye and attached to the eyelids

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76
Q

cortisol

A

anti-inflammatory hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex

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77
Q

costochondritis

A

inflammation of a rib and its cartilage

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78
Q

Crohn disease

A

inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract (often the ileum) marked by bouts of diarrhea, abdominal cramping and fever. Type of inflammatory bowel disease

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79
Q

cryptorchism

A

undescended testicle

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80
Q

Cushing syndrome

A

clinical signs and symptoms produced by an excess of cortisol from the adrenal cortex. Marked by ‘moon face,’ fatty swellings and weakness

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81
Q

cyanosis

A

bluish discoloration of the skin due to deficient oxygen in the bloodstream

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82
Q

cystitis

A

inflammation of the urinary bladder

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83
Q

deep vein thrombosis

A

abnormal condition of clot formation in a deep vein, usually in the leg or pelvic (hip) region

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84
Q

delusion

A

a persistent belief held by a person despite evidence to the contrary

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85
Q

dementia

A

loss of memory and mental abilities

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86
Q

dermatitis

A

inflammation of the skin

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87
Q

dermatosis

A

any abnormal condition of the skin

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88
Q

diabetes mellitus

A

disorder marked by deficient insulin in the blood, which causes sugar to remain in the blood rather than entering cells. One symptom is frequent urination (polyuria). Type 1 diabetes is marked by lack of insulin, and patients need injections of insulin. In type 2, insulin is not adequately or appropriately secreted (tends to develop later in life and can be managed with diet, exercise and oral antidiabetic drugs)

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89
Q

diuretic

A

drug that causes kidneys to allow more fluid to leave the body, used to treat hypertension

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90
Q

diverticulitis

A

inflammation of diverticula - penetration of fecal material through thin-walled diverticula causes inflammation and infection in the colon

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91
Q

diverticulosis

A

abnormal condition of small pouches in the lining of the intestines

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92
Q

dysentery

A

condition of painful intestines (often caused by bacterial infection)

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93
Q

dysmenorrhea

A

painful menstrual flow

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94
Q

dyspepsia

A

painful digestion

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95
Q

dysphagia

A

difficult swallowing

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96
Q

dysphasia

A

difficult (impairment of) speech

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97
Q

dysplasia

A

abnormality of the development or the formation of cells

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98
Q

dyspnea

A

painful breathing

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99
Q

dysuria

A

painful or difficult urination

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100
Q

ectopic pregnancy

A

development of the zygote in a place outside the uterus. Fallopian tubes are most common ectopic site

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101
Q

edema

A

swelling in tissues. Often caused by retention of fluid and salt by the kidneys

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102
Q

embolus

A

foreign object (air, tissue, tumor, or clot) that circulates in the bloodstream until it lodges in a vessel

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103
Q

emphysema

A

lung disorder in which air becomes trapped in the air sacs and bronchioles, making breathing difficult. Marked by accumulation of mucus and loss of elasticity in lung tissue

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104
Q

encephalitis

A

inflammation of the brain

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105
Q

encephalopathy

A

disease of the brain

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106
Q

endocarditis

A

inflammation of the inner lining of the heart (endocardium)

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107
Q

endometriosis

A

an abnormal condition in which tissue from the inner lining of the uterus is found outside the uterus, usually in the pelvic cavity

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108
Q

epidural hematoma

A

pathologic mass of blood above the dura mater

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109
Q

epilepsy

A

condition in which abnormal electrical activity in the brain results in sudden, fleeting disturbances in nerve cell functioning

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110
Q

erythrocytosis

A

abnormal condition (slight increase in numbers) of red blood cells

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111
Q

erythromycin

A

an antibiotic that is produced from a red (erythr/o-) mold (-mycin)

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112
Q

esophagitis

A

inflammation of the esophagus

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113
Q

exacerbation

A

increase in the seriousness of a disease, with greater intensity in the signs or symptoms

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114
Q

exophthalmic goiter

A

enlargement of the thyroid gland accompanied by high levels of thyroid hormone in the blood and protrusion of the eyeballs

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115
Q

exophthalmos

A

abnormal protrusion of the eyeballs usually caused by hyperthyroidism

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116
Q

fatigue

A

state of exhaustion or loss of strength

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117
Q

fibrillation

A

rapid, irregular, involuntary muscle contraction. Atrial and ventricular fibrillation are cardiac arrhythmias

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118
Q

fibroid

A

benign growth of muscle tissue in the uterus

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119
Q

fibrosarcoma

A

malignant tumor of fibrous tissue

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120
Q

ganglion

A

benign cyst near a joint; also, a group of nerve cells (plural: ganglia)

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121
Q

gastralgia

A

stomach pain

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122
Q

gastroenteritis

A

inflammation of the stomach and intestines

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123
Q

gastroesophageal reflux disease

A

a condition marked by backflow of contents of the stomach into the esophagus

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124
Q

glaucoma

A

increase of fluid pressure within the eye. Fluid is formed more rapidly than it is removed. The increased pressure damages sensitive cells in the back fo the eye and vision is disturbed

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125
Q

glioblastoma

A

malignant brain tumor composed of immature glial cells

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126
Q

glycosuria

A

abnormal condition of sugar in the urine

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127
Q

goiter

A

enlargement of the thyroid gland

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128
Q

gonorrhea

A

sexually transmitted disease most often affecting the reproductive and urinary tracts and caused by infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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129
Q

gout

A

deposits of uric acid crystals in joints and other tissues that cause swelling and inflammation of joints

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130
Q

Graves disease

A

hyperthyroidism

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131
Q

hallucination

A

false sensory perception

132
Q

hemangioma

A

tumor (benign) of blood vessels

133
Q

hematemesis

A

vomiting of blood

134
Q

hematoma

A

mass or collection of blood under the skin

135
Q

hematuria

A

abnormal condition of blood in the urine

136
Q

hemiplegia

A

paralysis of one side of the body

137
Q

hemoptysis

A

spitting up of blood

138
Q

hemorrhage

A

bursting forth of blood

139
Q

hemothorax

A

collection of blood in the chest (pleural cavity)

140
Q

hepatitis

A

inflammation of the liver. Viral hepatitis is an acute infectious disease caused by at least three different viruses: hepatitis A, B, and C viruses

141
Q

hepatocellular carcinoma

A

malignant tumor of the liver

142
Q

hepatoma

A

tumor (malignant) of the liver; hepatocellular carcinoma

143
Q

hepatomegaly

A

enlargement of the liver

144
Q

hernia

A

bulge or protrusion of an organ or part of an organ through the wall of the cavity that usually contains it. In an inguinal hernia, part of the wall of the abdomen weakens and the intestine bulges outward

145
Q

herpes genitalis

A

chronic sexually transmitted disease caused by type 2 herpes simplex virus

146
Q

hiatal hernia

A

upward protrusion of the wall of the stomach into the lower part of the esophagus

147
Q

Hodgkin disease

A

malignant tumor of lymph nodes

148
Q

human immunodeficiency virus

A

virus that infects white blood cells (T cells), causing damage to the patient’s immune system

149
Q

hydrocele

A

swelling of the scrotum caused by a collection of fluid within the outermost covering of the testis

150
Q

hyperbilirubinemia

A

high levels of bilirubin in the bloodstream

151
Q

hyperglycemia

A

higher-than-normal levels of sugar in the blood

152
Q

hyperparathyroidism

A

higher-than-normal level of parathyroid hormone in the blood

153
Q

hyperplastic

A

pertaining to excessive growth of normal cells in an organ

154
Q

hypersecretion

A

abnormally high production of a substance

155
Q

hypertension

A

high blood pressure. Essential hypertension has no known cause, but contributing factors are age, obesity, smoking and heredity. Secondary hypertension is a sign of other disorders such as kidney disease

156
Q

hyperthyroidism

A

excessive activity of the thyroid gland

157
Q

hypertrophy

A

enlargement or overgrowth of an organ or part of the body as a result of an increase in size of individual cells

158
Q

hypoglycemia

A

blood condition of decreased (lower-than-normal) sugar

159
Q

hypopituitarism

A

decrease or stoppage of hormonal secretion by the pituitary gland

160
Q

hypoplastic

A

pertaining to underdevelopment of a tissue or organ in the body

161
Q

hyposecretion

A

abnormally low production of a substance

162
Q

hypotensive

A

pertaining to low blood pressure or to a person with abnormally low blood pressure

163
Q

hypothyroidism

A

lower-than-normal activity of the thyroid gland

164
Q

iatrogenic

A

pertaining to a patient’s abnormal condition that results unexpectedly from a specific treatment

165
Q

infarction

A

area of dead tissue (necrosis) caused by decreased blood flow to that part of the body

166
Q

infiltrate

A

material that accumulates in an organ, such as fluid collection in the lungs

167
Q

inflammatory bowel disease

A

disorder marked by inflammation of the small and large intestines with bouts of diarrhea, abdominal cramping and fever; e.g. Crohn Disease and Ulcerative Colitis

168
Q

irritable bowel syndrome

A

a functional disorder of the bowel marked by abdominal pain, discomfort and bloating, but without evidence of detectable lesions or cause

169
Q

ischemia

A

deficiency of blood flow to a part fo the bdoy, caused by narrowing or obstruction of blood vessels

170
Q

jaundice

A

orange-yellow coloration of the skin and other tissues. Symptom caused by accumulation of bilirubin in the blood

171
Q

laryngotracheitis

A

inflammation of the larynx and trachea

172
Q

leiomyoma

A

benign tumor derived from smooth (involuntary or visceral) muscle, most often of the uterus (leiomyoma uteri); leiomy/o- means smooth muscle

173
Q

leiomyosarcoma

A

malignant tumor of smooth (involuntary) muscle

174
Q

lesion

A

abnormal tissue, usually damaged by disease or trauma

175
Q

leukemia

A

increase in malignant (cancerous) white blood cells in blood and bone marrow

176
Q

leukocytosis

A

slight increase in numbers of normal white blood cells as a response to infection

177
Q

liposarcoma

A

malignant tumor of fatty tissue

178
Q

lymphadenopathy

A

disease of lymph nodes

179
Q

lymphangiectasis

A

dilation of small lymph vessels; often resulting from obstruction in large lymph vessels

180
Q

lymphedema

A

accumulation of fluid in tissue spaces, causing swelling

181
Q

lymphoid

A

resembling or pertaining to lymphatic tissue

182
Q

lymphoma

A

malignant tumor of lymphatic tissue; includes Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

183
Q

malignant

A

tending to become progressively worse

184
Q

mastitis

A

inflammation of the breast

185
Q

melanoma

A

malignant tumor arising from pigmented cells in the skin. Usually develops from a nevus (mole)

186
Q

meningitis

A

inflammation of the meninges (membranes around the brain and spinal cord)

187
Q

menorrhagia

A

excessive bleeding from the uterus during the time of menstruation

188
Q

mesothelioma

A

malignant tumor of the lining tissue (mesothelium) of the pleura. Associated with exposure to asbestos

189
Q

metastasis

A

spread of a cancerous tumor to a distant organ or location. Literally meaning change of place

190
Q

migraine

A

attack of headache, usually on one side of the head, caused by changes in blood vessel size and accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light (photophobia). From the French migraine meaning ‘severe head pain’

191
Q

mitral valve prolapse

A

protrusion of one or both cusps of the mitral valve back into the left atrium when the ventricles contract

192
Q

mononucleosis

A

an acute infectious disease with excess monocytes in the blood and usually associated with extreme fatigue. Mononucleosis is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus and transmitted by direct oral contact

193
Q

multiple myeloma

A

malignant tumor of the bone marrow

194
Q

multiple sclerosis

A

chronic neurologic disease in which there are patches of demyelination throughout the brain and spinal cord. Weakness, abnormal sensations, incoordination and speech and visual disturbances are symptoms

195
Q

muscular dystrophy

A

group of degenerative muscle disease that cause crippling because muscles are gradually weakened and eventually atrophy

196
Q

myalgia

A

pain in a muscle or muscles

197
Q

myelodysplasia

A

abnormal development of bone marrow, a premalignant condition leading to leukemia

198
Q

myeloma

A

malignant tumor originating in the bone marrow

199
Q

myocardial infarction

A

death of tissue in heart muscle (heart attack)

200
Q

myocardial ischemia

A

decrease in the blood supply to the heart muscle

201
Q

myoma

A

tumor (benign) of muscle

202
Q

myosarcoma

A

tumor (malignant) of muscle

203
Q

myositis

A

inflammation of a muscle

204
Q

nausea

A

unpleasant sensation in the upper abdomen, often leading to vomiting. From the Greek nausia meaning ‘sea sickness’

205
Q

necrosis

A

death of cells

206
Q

necrotic

A

pertaining to the death of cells

207
Q

needle biopsy

A

removal of living tissue for microscopic examination by inserting a hollow needle through the skin

208
Q

neoplasm

A

any new growth of tissue; a tumor

209
Q

neoplastic

A

pertaining to a new growth

210
Q

nephritis

A

inflammation of kidneys

211
Q

nephrolithiasis

A

condition of kidney stones

212
Q

nephropathy

A

disease of the kidney

213
Q

nephrosis

A

abnormal condition of the kidney. Often associated with a deterioration of the kidney tubules

214
Q

neuralgia

A

nerve pain

215
Q

neuritis

A

inflammation of a nerve

216
Q

neuropathy

A

disease of nervous tissue

217
Q

nitroglycerin

A

drug that relaxes muscle and opens blood vessels

218
Q

nocturia

A

excessive urination at night

219
Q

nosocomial

A

pertaining to or originating in a hospital

220
Q

obstetric

A

pertaining to pregnancy, labor and delivery of a baby

221
Q

oncogenic

A

pertaining to producing tumors

222
Q

oncholysis

A

separating of a nail from its foundation (bed)

223
Q

oophoritis

A

inflammation of an ovary

224
Q

orchitis

A

inflammation of a testicle

225
Q

osteitis

A

inflammation of a bone

226
Q

osteoarthritis

A

inflammation of bones and joints. Disease of older people and marked by stiffness, pain and degeneration of joints

227
Q

osteogenic sarcoma

A

malignant tumor of bone

228
Q

osteoma

A

tumor (benign) of bone

229
Q

osteomyelitis

A

inflammation of bone and bone marrow. Caused by a bacterial infection

230
Q

osteopenia

A

deficiency of bone tissue

231
Q

osteoporosis

A

decrease in bone mass with formation of pores or spaces in normally mineralied bone tissue. More serious than osteopenia

232
Q

otalgia

A

pain in an ear

233
Q

otitis

A

inflammation of an ear

234
Q

ovarian cyst

A

sac containing fluid or semisolid material in or on the ovary

235
Q

pancreatitis

A

inflammation of the pancreas

236
Q

paralysis

A

loss or impairment of movement in a part of the body

237
Q

paraplegia

A

impairment or loss of movement in the lower part of the body, primarily the legs and in some cases bowel and bladder function

238
Q

pelvic inflammatory disease

A

inflammation of the pelvic region in females, usually involving the fallopian tubes

239
Q

peptic ulcer

A

sore (lesion) of the mucous membrane lining the first part of the small intestine (duodenum) or lining the stomach

240
Q

peritonitis

A

inflammation of the peritoneum

241
Q

pharyngitis

A

inflammation of the pharynx (throat)

242
Q

phenothiazine

A

substance whose derivatives are used as tranquilizers and antipsychotic agents to treat mental illness

243
Q

phlebitis

A

inflammation of a vein

244
Q

pleural effusion

A

collection of fluid between the double membrane surrounding the lungs

245
Q

pleurisy/pleuritis

A

inflammtion of the pleura

246
Q

pneumoconiosis

A

group of lung diseases resulting from inhalation of particles of dust such as coal, with permanent deposition of such particles in the lung

247
Q

pneumonitis

A

inflammation of a lung or lungs

248
Q

polycythemia

A

increase in red blood cells. One form is polycythemia vera, in which the bone marrow produces an excess of erythrocytes and hemoglobin level is elevated

249
Q

polydipsia

A

excessive thirst

250
Q

polyneuropathy

A

disease of many nerves

251
Q

polyp

A

a growth or mass (benign) protruding from a mucous membrane

252
Q

polyuria

A

excessive urination

253
Q

postmortem

A

after death

254
Q

postpartum

A

after birth

255
Q

precancerous

A

pertaining to a condition that may come before a cancer; a condition that tends to become malignant

256
Q

prenatal

A

pertaining to before birth

257
Q

prognosis

A

prediction as to the outcome of an illness or treatment

258
Q

prolapse

A

falling down or drooping of a part of the body (literally: sliding forward)

259
Q

prostatic carcinoma

A

malignant tumor arising from the prostate gland

260
Q

prostatic hyperplasia

A

abnormal increase in growth (benign) of the prostate gland

261
Q

prosthesis

A

artificial substitute for a missing part of the body (literally: to place before)

262
Q

proteinuria

A

abnormal condition of protein in the urine (albuminuria)

263
Q

psychosis

A

abnormal condition of the mind; a serious mental disorder that involves loss of normal perception of reality

264
Q

pulmonary edema

A

abnormal collection of fluid in the lung (within the air sacs of the lung). Fluid backs up into lung tissue commonly from congestive heart failure as the heart weakens and is unable to pump blood effectively

265
Q

pulmonary embolism

A

blockage of blood vessels by foreign matter (clot, tumor, fat or air). Embolus frequently arises from the deep veins of the leg

266
Q

pyelitis

A

inflammation of the renal pelvis (central section of kidney)

267
Q

quadriplegia

A

paralysis of all four extremities and usually the trunk of the body caused by injury to the spinal cord in the cervical region of the spine

268
Q

rectocele

A

hernia (protrusion) of the rectum into the vagina

269
Q

relapse

A

return of disease after its apparent termination

270
Q

remission

A

lessening or absence of signs and symptoms of a disease

271
Q

renal calculus

A

kidney stone

272
Q

renal failure

A

condition in which the kidneys no longer function

273
Q

retinopathy

A

disease of the retina

274
Q

rhabdomyosarcoma

A

a malignant tumor of muscle cells (skeletal, voluntary muscle) that occurs most frequently in the head and neck, extremities, body wall, and area behind the abdomen

275
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

chronic inflammatory disease of the joints and connective tissue that leads to deformed joints

276
Q

rhinitis

A

inflammation of the nose

277
Q

rhinorrhea

A

discharge from the nose

278
Q

salpingitis

A

inflammation of a fallopian tube

279
Q

sarcoidosis

A

chronic, progressive disorder of cells in connective tissue, spleen, liver, bone marrow, lungs and lymph nodes. Small collections of cells (granulomas) form in affected organs and tissues. Cause unknown but may involve malfunction of the immune system

280
Q

sarcoma

A

cancerous (malignant) tumor of connective tissue, such as bone, muscle, fat or cartilage

281
Q

scotoma

A

defect in vision in a defined area (blind spot)

282
Q

seizure

A

involuntary contraction of muscles (convulsion) or attack of epilepsy. Can also indicate sudden attack or recurrence of a disease

283
Q

seminoma

A

malignant tumor of the testis

284
Q

septic

A

pertaining to infection

285
Q

septicemia

A

infection in the blood. Commonly known as blood poisoning and associated with presence of bacteria or their toxins in the blood

286
Q

shock

A

group of symptoms (pale skin, rapid pulse, shallow breathing) that indicate poor oxygen supply to tissue and insufficient return of blood to the heart

287
Q

spasm

A

involuntary, sudden muscle contraction

288
Q

splenomegaly

A

enlargement of spleen

289
Q

spondylitis

A

chronic, serious inflammatory disorder of backbones involving erosion and collapse of vertebrae

290
Q

spondylosis

A

abnormal condition of a vertebra or vertebrae

291
Q

sputum

A

material expelled from the lungs and expelled through the mouth

292
Q

staging of tumors

A

system that describes severity of a patient’s cancer based on the extent of the original primary tumor and whether it has spread in the body

293
Q

stomatitis

A

inflammation of the mouth

294
Q

stroke

A

trauma to or blockage of blood vessels within the brain, leading to a reduction in the blood supply to brain tissue. Causes nerve cells in the brain to die and results in loss of function to the part of the body controlled by those nerve cells

295
Q

stye/sty

A

infection of a gland in the eyelid, often caused by bacteria (staphylococci)

296
Q

subdural hematoma

A

collection of blood under the dura mater

297
Q

surgery

A

branch of medicine that treats disease by manual or operative methods

298
Q

syncope

A

fainting; sudden loss of consciousness

299
Q

syndrome

A

set of symptoms and signs that occur together to indicate a disease condition

300
Q

syphilis

A

sexually transmitted infection caused by spirochete

301
Q

tachycardia

A

condition of fast, rapid heartbeat

302
Q

tachypnea

A

condition of rapid breathing

303
Q

tendinitis

A

inflammation of a tendon

304
Q

testicular carcinoma

A

malignant tumor originating in a testis (e.g. seminoma)

305
Q

thoracic surgeon

A

physician who operates on organs in the chest

306
Q

thrombophlebitis

A

inflammation of a vein accompanied by formation of a clot

307
Q

thrombosis

A

abnormal condition of clot formation

308
Q

thrombus

A

blood clot

309
Q

thymoma

A

tumor (malignant) of the thymus gland

310
Q

thyroadenitis

A

inflammation of the thyroid gland

311
Q

tinnitus

A

noise in the ears, such as ringing, roaring or buzzing

312
Q

tonsillitis

A

inflammation of the tonsils

313
Q

tracheitis

A

inflammation of the trachea

314
Q

trichophagia

A

habit of eating hair; abnormal craving for nonfood substances (dirt, clay, glueÉ)

315
Q

tuberculosis

A

infectious, inflammatory disease that commonly affects the lungs, although it can occur in any part of the body

316
Q

ulcer

A

sore or defect (hollowed out space) in the surface of an organ produced by destruction of tissue

317
Q

ulcerative colitis

A

recurrent inflammatory disorder marked by ulcers in the large bowel

318
Q

uremia

A

abnormal condition of excessive amounts of urea in the bloodstream

319
Q

urethral stricture

A

narrowing of the urethra

320
Q

urethritis

A

inflammation of the urethra

321
Q

urologist

A

specialist in operating on the urinary tract and, in males, the reproductive tract

322
Q

vaginitis

A

inflammation of the vagina

323
Q

varicocele

A

swollen, twisted veins within the spermatic cord, above the testes

324
Q

varix, varices

A

enlarged, swollen, tortuous veins

325
Q

vasculitis

A

inflammation of blood vessels

326
Q

ventricular arrhythmia

A

abnormal heart rhythm originating in the lower chambers of the heart

327
Q

venulitis

A

inflammation of a small vein

Medical Terminology (7 decks)

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