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Medical Terminology > Misc Procedures & Tests > Flashcards

Misc Procedures & Tests Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

ablation

A

removal of abnormal tissue by surgical or mechanical means

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2
Q

adenectomy

A

the removal of a gland

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3
Q

adenoidectomy

A

removal of the adenoids

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4
Q

adrenalectomy

A

removal (excision) of adrenal glands

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5
Q

amniocentesis

A

surgical puncture to remove fluid from the amnion

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6
Q

analysis

A

separating a substance into its component parts

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7
Q

anastomosis

A

new surgical connection between two previously unconnected bowel parts, vessels, or ducts

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8
Q

angiography

A

x-ray recording of blood vessels after contrast is injected

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9
Q

angioplasty

A

surgical repair of a blood vessel. A tube (catheter) is placed in a clogged artery and a balloon at the end of the tube is inflated to flatten the clogged material agains the wall of the artery. This enlarges the opening of the artery so that more blood can pass through

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10
Q

arteriovenous fistula

A

an abnormal communication between an artery and a vein. Can also be created surgically to provide access for hemodialysis

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11
Q

arthrocentesis

A

surgical puncture to remove fluid from a joint

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12
Q

arthrogram

A

x-ray record of a joint

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13
Q

arthroplasty

A

surgical repair of a joint, especially to restore mobility in osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis

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14
Q

arthroscope

A

instrument used to examine the inside of a joint

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15
Q

arthroscopy

A

process of visual examination of a joint

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16
Q

autopsy

A

examination of a dead body to determine the cause of death. A.k.a. postmortem exam or necropsy. Literally means “to see” with “one’s own” eyes

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17
Q

bariatric surgery

A

surgery on part of the gastrointestinal tract for obesity (bari/o meaning weight)

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18
Q

barium

A

substance used as a radiopaque (x-rays cannot pass through it) contrast medium for x-ray examination of the digestive tract)

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19
Q

barium enema

A

x-ray study of the lower digestive tract performed by instilling a solution of barium into the rectum, which highlights structures seen on the x-ray images

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20
Q

barium swallow

A

x-ray study of the upper digestive tract performed by having the patient swallow a solution of barium, which highlights structures seen on the x-ray images

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21
Q

biopsy

A

removing living tissue for subsequent viewing under a microscope or other laboratory studies

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22
Q

bronchoscope

A

instrument used to visually examine bronchial tubes

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23
Q

bronchoscopy

A

visual examination of bronchial tubes by passing an endocscope through the trachea into the bronchi

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24
Q

cardiac catheter ablation

A

procedure to correct an arrhythmia by advancing a flexible tube (catheter) through blood vessels into the heart. High-frequency electrical impulses then destroy the abnormal tissue that is causing the arrhythmia

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25
Q

cardioversion

A

brief discharges of electricity passing across the chest to stop a cardiac arrhythmia

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26
Q

catheter

A

flexibile or rigid hollow tube used to drain fluids from the body or inject fluids into the body. Also used to help keep passageways open

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27
Q

CAT scan

A

computerized axial tomography

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28
Q

cholecystectomy

A

removal of the gallbladder

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29
Q

choledochoduodenostomy

A

new surgical attachment of the common bile duct to the duodenum; an anastomosis

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30
Q

choledochotomy

A

incision of the common bile duct

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31
Q

colectomy

A

removal of the colon

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32
Q

colocolostomy

A

new surgical connection between two previously unconnected portions of the colon. An anastomosis

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33
Q

colonoscopy

A

visual examination of the colon

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34
Q

colostomy

A

opening of the colon to the outside of the body

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35
Q

colposcopy

A

visual examination of the vagina and cervix

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36
Q

computed tomography scan

A

x-ray images taken to show the body in cross-sectional views (CT scan)

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37
Q

conization

A

removal of a wedge-shaped piece of tissue from the cervix in the diagnosis and treatment of early cancer of the cervix

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38
Q

coronary angiogram

A

x-ray record of blood vessels surrounding the heart

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39
Q

coroner

A

person who determines cause of death in cases where the death was sudden, unexpected, of suspicious origin, or while under police custody; generally has legal and/or medical background

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40
Q

craniotomy

A

incision of the skull

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41
Q

cryotherapy

A

treatment using cold (cry/o) temperatures

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42
Q

CT colonography

A

CT imaging procedure using x-rays and computer equipment to produce images of the colon and display them on a screen

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43
Q

cystoscope

A

instrument (endoscope) used to view the urinary bladder

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44
Q

cystoscopy

A

visual examination of the urinary bladder

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45
Q

debridement

A

removal of diseased tissue from the skin

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46
Q

defribillation

A

brief discharges of electricity applied to the chest to stop an abnormal heart rhythm

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47
Q

diagnosis

A

complete knowledge of patient’s condition

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48
Q

dialysis

A

complete separation of wastes from the blood when the kidneys fail

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49
Q

dilation and curettage

A

widening of the opening to the cervix and scraping of the inner lining of the uterus

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50
Q

electrocardiogram

A

record of the electricity in the heart

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51
Q

electroencephalogram

A

record of the electricity in the brain

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52
Q

electroencephalography

A

process of recording the electricity in the brain

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53
Q

embolization

A

use of a substance to block or reduce blood flow in a vessel

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54
Q

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

A

x-ray images of bile ducts and pancrease after injection of contrast through a catheter from the mouth, esophagus and stomach into bile and pancreatic ducts

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55
Q

esophagoscopy

A

visual examination of the esophagus

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56
Q

excision

A

act of cutting out, removing or resecting

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57
Q

gadolinium

A

a chemical element that is used as a contrast agent in MRI studies

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58
Q

gastrectomy

A

excision (removal) of the stomach

59
Q

gastrojejunostomy

A

new surgical opening between the stomach and the jejunum. This procedure is an anastomosis.

60
Q

gastroscope

A

instrument used to view the stomach. Passed down the throat and esophagus into the stomach

61
Q

gastrotomy

A

incision of the stomach

62
Q

hemigastrectomy

A

removal of half of the stomach

63
Q

hemiglossectomy

A

removal of half of the tongue

64
Q

hemoccult test

A

a standardized test to look for hidden blood in stool. Screening test for colon and rectal cancer.

65
Q

hysterectomy

A

excision of the uterus, either through the abdominal wall or through the vagina

66
Q

hysteroscopy

A

visual examination of the uterus with an endoscope inserted through the vagina and uterine cervix

67
Q

ileostomy

A

new opening of the ileum to the outside of the body

68
Q

incision

A

cutting into the body or into an organ

69
Q

insulin pump

A

portable, battery-powered device that delivers insulin through the abdominal wall in measured amounts

70
Q

intravenous pyelogram

A

x-ray record of the kidney after contrast is injected into a vein

71
Q

laminectomy

A

removal of a piece of backbone (lamina) to relieve pressure on nerves from a herniating disk

72
Q

laparoscope

A

instrument to visually examine the abdomen, inserted through a small incision in the abdominal wall

73
Q

laparascopic appendectomy

A

removal of the appendix through a small incision in the abdomen and with the use of a laparascopic instrument

74
Q

laparascopic cholecystectomy

A

removal of the gallbladder through a small incision in the abdomen and with the use of a laparoscopic instrument

75
Q

laparotomy

A

incision of the abdomen. Large incision made across abdomen to examine and operate on its organs

76
Q

laryngectomy

A

removal of the larynx

77
Q

lithotripsy

A

process of crushing a stone in the urinary tract using ultrasonic vibrations; a.k.a. extracorporeal shcok-wave lithotripsy

78
Q

lower gastrointestinal series

A

barium is injected into the anus and rectum and x-rays are taken of the colon

79
Q

lumbar puncture

A

removal of cerebrospinal fluid for diagnostic analysis or occasionally as treatment to relieve increased intracranial pressure

80
Q

lymphadenectomy

A

removal of lymph nodes

81
Q

magnetic resonance imaging

A

image of the body with magnetic and radio waves. Organs are seen in three planes: coronal (front to back), sagittal (side to side), and transverse (cross-section)

82
Q

mammoplasty

A

surgical repair (reconstruction) of the breast

83
Q

mediastinoscopy

A

visual examination of the mediastinum with an endoscope

84
Q

minimally invasive surgery

A

removal and repair of organs and tissues with small incisions for an endoscope and instruments. Examples are laparoscopic cholecystectomy, laparoscopic appendectomy, laparoscopic herniorrhaphy and laparoscopic colectomy

85
Q

myelogram

A

x-ray image of the spinal cord after contrast is injected within the membranes surrounding the spinal cord in the lumbar area of the back

86
Q

myelography

A

x-ray imaging of the spinal cord after contrast material is injected

87
Q

myomectomy

A

removal of a benign muscle tumor (fibroid)

88
Q

myringotomy

A

incision of the eardrum

89
Q

nephrostomy

A

opening from the kidney to the outside of the body

90
Q

neurotomy

A

incision of a nerve

91
Q

oophorectomy

A

removal of an ovary or ovaries

92
Q

opthmaloscope

A

instrument used to visually examine the eye

93
Q

orchidectomy/orchiectomy

A

removal (excision) of a testicle or testicles

94
Q

orchiopexy

A

surgical fixation of the testicle into its proper location within the scrotum. Corrects cryptorchism

95
Q

osteotomy

A

incision of a bone

96
Q

pancreactectomy

A

removal of the pancreas

97
Q

percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography

A

bile vessels are imaged after injection of contrast material through the skin into the liver

98
Q

peritoneal dialysis

A

process of removing wastes from the blood by introducing a special fluid inot the abdomen (peritoneal cavity). Wastes pass into the fluid from the bloodstream, and then the fluid is drained from the body

99
Q

peritoneoscopy

A

visual examination of the peritoneal cavity with an endoscope

100
Q

phlebography

A

x-ray examination of veins after injection of contrast material

101
Q

phlebotomy

A

incision of a vein

102
Q

photoselective vaporization of the prostate

A

use of a GreenLight laser to vaporize and remove prostatic tissue to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia

103
Q

pneumonectomy

A

removal of a lung

104
Q

proctoscopy

A

inspection of the anus and rectum with a proctoscope (endoscope). Often performed before rectal surgery

105
Q

proctosigmoidoscopy

A

visual examination of the anus, rectum and sigmoid colon with an endoscope

106
Q

prostactectomy

A

removal of the prostate gland

107
Q

pyelogram

A

record of the renal pelvis after injection of contrast

108
Q

radiation therapy

A

treatment of disease (cancer) with high energy x-rays or particles

109
Q

radionuclide

A

chemical substance that emits radioactivity; radioisotope. Used in nuclear medicine to image parts of the body

110
Q

rectal resection

A

excision (resection) of the rectum

111
Q

resection

A

removal (excision) of an organ or structure

112
Q

rhinoplasty

A

surgical repair of the nose

113
Q

rhinotomy

A

incision of the nose

114
Q

sagittal section

A

cut (section) through the body, dividing it into a right and a left portion

115
Q

salpingectomy

A

removal of a fallopian tube

116
Q

section

A

an act of cutting; a segment or subdivision of an organ

117
Q

sigmoidoscopy

A

visual examination of the sigmoid colon with an endoscope inserted through the anus and rectum

118
Q

sonogram

A

record of sound waves after they bounce off organs in the body (ultrasound, echogram)

119
Q

spirometer

A

an instrument for testing lung function by measuring the volume of inspired and expired air

120
Q

splenectomy

A

removal of spleen

121
Q

stent

A

a tube inserted into an artery, blood vessel, or duct to keep it open

122
Q

stool culture

A

feces placed in growth medium which is later examined microscopically for evidence of microorganisms

123
Q

stool guaiac

A

examination of a small sample of stool for hidden traces of blood; hemoccult test

124
Q

tenorrhaphy

A

suture of a tendon

125
Q

thoracentesis

A

surgical puncture of the chest to remove fluid

126
Q

thoracotomy

A

incision of the chest

127
Q

thrombolytic therapy

A

treatment with drugs such as streptokinase and tPA (tissue plasminogen activator) to dissolve clots that may cause a heart attack

128
Q

thyroidectomy

A

removal of the thyroid gland

129
Q

tomography

A

series of x-ray images that show an organ in depth by producing images of single tissue planes

130
Q

tonsillectomy

A

removal (excision) of a tonsil or tonsils

131
Q

tracheostomy

A

opening of the trachea to the outside of the body

132
Q

tracheotomy

A

incision of trachea

133
Q

transvaginal ultrasound

A

sound probe placed in the vagina and ultrasound images are made of the pelvic organs

134
Q

tympanoplasty

A

surgical repair of the eardrum

135
Q

ultrasonography

A

recording of internal body structures with sound waves

136
Q

ultrasound

A

sound waves with greater frequency than can be heard by the human ear. Used to detect abnormalities by beaing waves into body and recording echoes that reflect off tissues

137
Q

upper gastrointestinal series

A

barium is swallowed and x-ray images are taken of the esophagus, stomach and small intestine

138
Q

uretectomy

A

removal of a ureter

139
Q

urinalysis

A

examination of urine to determine its contents

140
Q

urinary catheterization

A

catheter is passed through urethra into urinary bladder for short-term or long-term drainage of urine

141
Q

uterine artery embolization

A

blockage of blood flow in the uterine artery to slow the growth of uterine fibroids

142
Q

vasectomy

A

removal of vas deferens or a portion of it so that sperm cells are prevented from becoming part of semen

143
Q

vertebroplasty

A

surgical repair of backbone fractures by injecting cement into vertebrae to strengthen them and relieve pain

144
Q

arteriography

A

process of recording (x-ray) of arteries after injecting contrast material

Medical Terminology (7 decks)

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