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Biology 202 > The Blood Chapter 19 > Flashcards

The Blood Chapter 19 Flashcards

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1
Q

True or False: Blood Carry oxygen and carbon dioxide?

A

True

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2
Q

True or False: Blood does not transport nutrients and wastes.

A

False

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3
Q

True or False: Blood regulates water, electrolytes, and temperature

A

True

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4
Q

True or False: Blood does not have the ability to carry hormones

A

False, blood does carry hormones

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5
Q

True or False: Blood presents infections

A

True.

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6
Q

True or False: Blood does not assist in clothing and inflammation?

A

False

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7
Q

True or False: You have 5 quarts or 5 liters of blood?

A

True

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8
Q

True or False: Plasma Consists of %55 of blood when compared to formed elements that are 45%?

A

True

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9
Q

What is Serum?

A

Plasma but without clotting factors, it wont coagulate.

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10
Q

What is plasma composed of?

A 
Water
Proteins
Nitrogenous molecules
Nutrients
Gases
Electrolytes
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11
Q

What does Albumin do?

A

Maintenance of blood volume and pressure, as well as transport of lipid substances.

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12
Q

True or False: Albumin is a carrier molecule?

A

True

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13
Q

True or False: Albumin is not synthesized in the liver?

A

False, Albumin is synthesized in the liver

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14
Q

True or False: Albumin is not a protein?

A

False, it is a Major protein

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15
Q

What does Globulin do?

A

Carry substances such as iron and bilirubin, as well as dealing with immunity.

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16
Q

True or False: Globulins control blood osmotic pressure and also a carrier molecule?

A

True

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17
Q

True or False: Platelets are part of form elements?

A

True

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18
Q

True or False: Red blood cells are not part of formed elements?

A

False

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19
Q

True or False: White blood cells are not part of formed elements?

A

False, they are.

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20
Q

What are formed elements composed of?

A

Platelets, white blood cells, and red blood cells.

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21
Q

True or False: Neutrophils are part of white blood cells?

A

True

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22
Q

True or False: Lymphocytes do not make up white blood cells.

A

False, they do make up white blood cells.

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23
Q

True or False: Monocytes do not make up white blood cells. Only neutrophils and lymphocytes make up white blood cells

A

False, Monocytes do make up white blood cells along with Neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils.

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24
Q

True or False: Eosinophils make up while blood cells?

A

True

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25
Q

True or False: Basophils do not make up white blood cells?

A

False they do.

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26
Q

What is white blood cells consist of?

A 
Neutrophils 60-70%
Lymphocytes 20-25%
Monocytes 3-8%
Eosinophils 2-4%
Basophils 0.5-1.0%
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27
Q

What is Hematocrit?

A

The percentage of blood volume that is RBC.

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28
Q

True or False: Erythrocytes are RBC

A

True

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29
Q

True or False: White blood cells are leukocytes?

A

True

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30
Q

True or False: Platelets are Thrombocytes?

A

True

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31
Q

True or False: Mature RBC have a nucleus?

A

False, mature RBC do not have a nucleus.

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32
Q

True or False: RBC have no organelles and lack mitochondria?

A

True

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33
Q

True or False: You use glycoproteins and glycolipids to determine blood type?

A

True

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34
Q

True or False: RBS does not contain hemoglobin?

A

False

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35
Q

What does Hemoglobin do?

A

Carry oxygen and carbon dioxide

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36
Q

What is hemoglobin made of?

A

4 globin proteins and a heme center. The heme center is what holds your O and carbon.

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37
Q

What is polycythemia?

A

An excess of RBC

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38
Q

What is Anemia?

A

RBC or globin deficiency

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39
Q

What is sickle cell anemia?

A

Deformed RBC

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40
Q

What do Fribin and Thrombin do?

A

Deal with blood clotting

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41
Q

True or False: WBC contains a nucleus and organelles?

A

True

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42
Q

True or False: WBC do not lack hemoglobin

A

False they do lack hemoglobin

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43
Q

What are the 2 main groups of WBC?

A

Granulocytes and Agranulocytes

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44
Q

What are the 3 different types of granulocytes?

A

Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

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45
Q

What are the 2 types of agranulocytes?

A

Monocytes and lymphocytes?

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46
Q

True or False: Neutrophils are the most numerous?

A

True

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47
Q

True or False: Neutrophils do not consume bacteria

A

False, it does consume bacteria

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48
Q

True or False: Neutrophils phagocytes (engolf) bacteria

A

True

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49
Q

True or False: Neutrophils have many lobules

A

True

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50
Q

True or False: Eosinophils do not contain enzymes that destroy parasites?

A

False, they contain enzymes that destroy parasites and release enzymes that kill the parasites

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51
Q

True or False: Eosinophils may be involved with allergies?

A

True

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52
Q

What is the difference between the way Neutrophils and Eosinophils destroy bacteria?

A

Neutrophils engold and Eosinophils release enzymes

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53
Q

True or False: Basophils are the most numerous

A

False, they are the least numerous.

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54
Q

True or False: Basophils response to inflammation?

A

True

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55
Q

True or False: Basophils secrete histamine and heparin?

A

True

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56
Q

True or False: Monocytes are a phagocytic type of cell but are fixed?

A

True, they stay in their area

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57
Q

True or False: Monocytes are not agranular?

A

False, they are agranular

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58
Q

True or False: Monocytes do not have a viral response?

A

False, If you come in contact with a virus it sends out signals that there is a virus.

59
Q

True or False: Monocytes do not consume neutrophils, pathogens, dead cells, bacteria.

A

False, they do

60
Q

True or False: Lympocytes are the second numerous?

A

True

61
Q

True or False: Lymphocytes are not agranular, do not have large nucleus, and little cytoplasm?

A

False, Lymohocytes are agranular, very large nucleus, little cytoplasm.

62
Q

True or False: Lymphocytes do not develop from precursor stem cells?

A

False, they do develop from stem cells.

63
Q

True or False: Lymphocytes can produce antibodies?

A

True, and also do a variety of killing.

64
Q

True or False: Lymphocytes does not kill viruses, cancer, or foreign cells?

A

False

65
Q

What is Leukocytosis?

A

Increase number of WBC

66
Q

What is Leukemia?

A

Cancer of WBC

67
Q

What is Leukopenia?

A

Decreased number of WBC

68
Q

True or False: Platelets have an irregular shape, contain vesicles, and no nucleus?

A

True

69
Q

True or False: Platelets have a long life span?

A

False, they have a short life span of 5-9 days

70
Q

True or False: Platelets lack the chemical that promote blood clotting?

A

False it contains the chemicals that promote blood clotting.

71
Q

True or False: Antibodies recognize antigens?

A

True

72
Q

What are the 4 main blood types?

A

A, B, AB, O

73
Q

True or False: AB contains both A and B antigens?

A

True

74
Q

True or False: O contains all A,B,AB, and O antigens?

A

False, no antigens are present.

75
Q

What is Rh factor?

A

Another type of antigen that is on the red blood cell. if you have the antigen you are going to be Rh + and if you dont you will be Rh -. Example A+ will have antigen A and Rh and if you are A- they dont have Ph you will have antigen A.

76
Q

True or False: AB+ is the universal donor and O- is the universal receiver?

A

False, AB+ is the universal receiver and O- is the universal donor.

77
Q

True or False: Agglutination is a reaction between proteins?

A

False, it is a reaction between antigen and antibody.

78
Q

True or False: Agglutination occurs when the recipient receives the correct blood type?

A

False, agglutination occurs when the recipient receives the wrong blood type.

79
Q

What is Agglutination?

A

Is a reaction between an antigen and an antibody. What happens is the blood cells clumps together. This happens when someone gives the wrong blood type to the individual.

80
Q

True or False: Rh factor affects the second pregnancy when there is Rh- mother and a Rh+ fetus

A

True

81
Q

What happens in the second pregnancy that would cause concern with Rh factor and is known as Erythroblastosis?

A

The mother creates antibodies against the fetus, causing agglutination within the fetus.

82
Q

What is Hemopoiesis?

A

Production of formed elements

83
Q

What is Erythropoiesis?

A

Production of RBC

84
Q

What is Leukopoiesis?

A

Production of WBC

85
Q

What is Thrombopoiesis?

A

Production of Plates

86
Q

True or False: There are3 hemopoiesis that help with blood formation Which are Erythropoiesis, Lipids, Leukopoiesis?

A

False, it is Erythropoiesis, Leukopoiesis, Thrombopoiesis.

87
Q

Where do Myeloid Stem cells form?

A

Forming within the red bone marrow

88
Q

Where do Lymphoid hemopoiesis form?

A

From the lymoh tissues/ organs (thymus, tonsils, spleen). The lymphatic tissues.

89
Q

True or False: Erythropoiesis is from the myeloid stem cell line?

A

True

90
Q

True or False: the first step for Erythropoiesis is Reticulocyte?

A

False, that is the second to last in the process. the first is Proerythroblast.

91
Q

True or False: the first step for Erythropoiesis is RBC erythrocyte.

A

False, it is the last step.

92
Q

True or False: The first step in Erythropoiesis is Proerythroblast?

A

True, Kidneys secrete EPO receptor sends out signal to start creating RBC. Kidneys secrete EPO in response to hypoxia.

93
Q

True or False: Erythroblasts is the second step in Erythropoiesis?

A

True, and during this step hemoglobin is produced.

94
Q

True or False: Reticulocyte is the third step and the final RBC or Erythrocyte is produce?

A

True

95
Q

True or False:The reticulocyte still have its nucleus?

A

True, reticulocyte is an immature RBC and will loose its nucleus. Once it leaves the bone marrow all ER is gone. The RBC will no longer have its nucleus.

96
Q

What is the process of a RBC or Erythropoiesis?

A
  1. From the Myeloid stem cell line
  2. Proerythroblast
  3. Erythroblasts
  4. Reticulocyte
  5. RBC
97
Q

True or False: Leukopoiesis come from Lymphoid stem cell line and not from the myeloid?

A

False, it comes from both myeloid and lymphoid stem cell line.

98
Q

True or False: Leukopoiesis froduce agranular leukocytes but not granular leukocytes?

A

False, it produces granular leukocytes and agranular leukocytes.

99
Q

True or False: Leukopoiesis is colony stimulating factors (CSF) and interleukin stimulate WBC production?

A

True, say hey start creating more white blood cells.

100
Q

True or False: Leukopoiesis have a short time life span

A

False, they have a long time frame where they can last for hours to decades.

101
Q

True or False: Leukopoiesis leave blood to lymphatic system (recycled back to blood)

A

True

102
Q

True or False: Thrombopoiesis produce RBC

A

False, they produce platelets.

103
Q

True or False: Thrombopoiesis from from proteins?

A

False, they form from myeloid stem cell.

104
Q

True or False: Thrombopoiesis form from megakarycocytes and fragment in the red bone marrow?

A

True

105
Q

True or False: Megakaryocyte is the first stem in creating platelets?

A

False, it is the second.

106
Q

True or False: Stem sell is the second step in creating plates?

A

False, it is the first step.

107
Q

What are the stemps in Thrombopoiesis?

A
  1. Stem Cell- Develop receptors for thromboipoietin (TPO)(produce in the liver)
  2. Megakaryocyte- fpind in the bone marrow.
  3. becomes platelets.
108
Q

How long do RBC live for?

A

120 days

109
Q

How are ruptured RBC removed?

A

Macrophages in spleen and liver

110
Q

True or False: The intestines only absorb ferrous (Fe2+)

A

True

111
Q

How are RBC disposed?

A

Many die in the spleen and liver and macrophages digest or heme and globin are recycled.

112
Q

What is Hemolysis?

A

Ruptured RBC

113
Q

How is Iron changed and and transported?

A

Intestines only absorb ferrous (Fe 2+)

Stomach acids convert ferric (Fe 3+) to ferrous

Transferrin transports iron to bone marrow via the liver

Which finally used to manufacture hemoglobin

Iron has to be changed to a different state and then be transported to the bone marrow.

114
Q

True or False: Emigration is to stay and the white blood cells stay put?

A

False, it is to leave and the WBC must leave the bloodstream.

115
Q

True or False: One way to kill foreign invaders is through Phagocytosis and this is when there is a release of enzymes that kill the microbe?

A

False, phagocytosis is one way to kill foreign invaders but this eats the invaders.

116
Q

True or False: One way to kill foreign invaders is through the releae of enzymes that kill the microbe?

A

True

117
Q

True or False: One way to kill foreign invaders is through the use of antibodies?

A

True

118
Q

What are the different ways to kill foreign invaders?

A
  1. Phagocytes
  2. Release enzymes that kill the microbe
  3. The use of antibodies
119
Q

What is hemostasis?

A

Hemostasis is the Control of bleeding. Clotting is part of it and platelets are the most important key players.

120
Q

True or False: The 3 mechanisms of hemostasis is Vascular spasm, Protein, and blood clotting?

A

False, it is vascular spasm

Platelet plug formation, and blood clotting.

121
Q

True or False: The first step for hemostasis is blood clotting?

A

False, the first step is vascular spasm.

122
Q

True or False: in vascular spasm there is slow constriction of the damaged blood vessel

A

False, it is a fast constriction of the damaged blood vessel.

123
Q

True or False: in vascular spasm pain receptors stimulate constriction?

A

True

124
Q

What happens during vascular spasm.

A

Pain receptors stimulate constriction and in turn results in vasoconstriction, which the diameter of the blood vessel gets smaller.

125
Q

True or False: In platelet plug formation exposed collagen fibers of the vessel promote platelets to become un-attach and float away from the damaged blood vessel?

A

False, the opposite happens. Exposed collagen fibers of the vessel promote platelets to adhere to it.

126
Q

True or False:In platelet plug formation platelets send out pseudo-pods to make the platelets that are stuck to the vessel wall get unstuck?

A

False, platelets send out pesudo-pods to stick to the vessel wall. Pesudo-pods constrict to seal the cut.

127
Q

True or False: in platelet plug formation platelets undergo degranulation?

A

True, this attracts platelets and promote platelet activity.

128
Q

What happens during platelet plug formation?

A
  1. Exposed collagen fibers of the vessel promote platelets to adhere to it.
  2. Platelets send out pseudo-pods to stick to the vessel wall.
  3. Platelets undergo degranulation.
129
Q

True or False: in the 3 mechanisms of hemostasis, the last step blood clotting, the goal is to convert protein into fibrin?

A

False, the goal is to convert fibrinogen to fibrin (allowing blood to clot)

130
Q

True or False: There are two pathways for blood clotting?

A

True, it is extrinsic and intrinsic.

131
Q

True or False: Extrinsic is when it is in the inside of the blood vessel?

A

False, it is on the outside of the blood vessel. This starts when the tissue factor leak into blood.

132
Q

True or False: Intrinsic is when the inside of the blood vessel starts on the inside?

A

True, starts when damaged to the endothelial cells or activated platelets.

133
Q

What is the difference between extrinsic and intrinsic pathways in blood clotting?

A

Extrinsic is on the outside of the blood vessel and intrinsic is in the inside of the blood vessel.

134
Q

True or False: The first step in the blood clotting process is when Thrombin chops up fibrinogen into fibrin.

A

False, this is the third step. The first step is factor X is activated.

135
Q

True or False: The second step of the blood clotting process is factor XIII cross-links fibrin to make a mesh?

A

False, this is the 4th step in the blood clotting process. the second step is prothrombin turns into thrombin.

136
Q

True or False: The third step in the blood clotting process is Thrombin chops up fibrinogen into fibrin

A

True

137
Q

True or False: the 4th step in the blood clotting process is Factor X activated?

A

False, this is the first step, the 4th step is factor XIII cross-links fibrin to make a mesh.

138
Q

True or False: Calcium plays an important role in the blood clotting process in that it maintains control/ feedback of the system?

A

True

139
Q

True or False: in the blood clotting process Clot retraction – clot pushes the edges apart so new endothelial cells can repair vessel lining.

A

False, Clot retraction – clot retracts pulling the edges close together so new endothelial cells can repair vessel lining.

140
Q

What is the blood clotting process?

A
  1. Factor X activated
  2. Prothrombin turns into thrombin
  3. Thrombin chops up fibrinogen into fibrin
  4. Factor XIII cross-links fibrin to make a mesh
141
Q

What is Fibrinolysis

A

Dissolve small clots and site of damage clots after damage is repaired with use of plasmin

142
Q

What is an Embolus?

A

A dislodged thrombus, that is transported elsewhere

Common occurrences – pulmonary embolism or stroke

143
Q

What is a thrombosis?

A

Clotting in an unbroken vessel – thrombus

Caused by atherosclerosis, trauma, infection

144
Q

What is hemophilia?

A 
Genetic deficiency of 1 or more clotting factors
Inherited from mother
Types:
Hemophilia A
Hemophilia B

Biology 202 (5 decks)

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