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Biology 202 > Lymphatic System and Immunity Unit 22 > Flashcards

Lymphatic System and Immunity Unit 22 Flashcards

1
Q

True or False: One function of the lymphatic system absorbs interstitial fluid?

A

True, remember most is reabsorbed by the cardiovascular system.

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2
Q

True or False: One function of the lymphatic system is to absorb and transport lipids from intestines?

A

True, out lymphatic system helps transport and absorbed it.

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3
Q

True or False: One function of the lymphatic system is to generate and monitor immune responses?

A

True

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4
Q

What is part of the lymphatic system?

A 
Lymphatic capillaries,
lym vessels, 
lym nodes,
lym ducts, 
lym trunks, 
lym ducts, 
primary lymphatic organs,  secondary lym organs and tissues.
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5
Q

What creates lymph fluid?

A

The interstitial fluid

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6
Q

True or False: Lymphatic capillaries are smaller than vascular capillaries?

A

False, lymphatic capillaries are larger than vascular capillaries

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7
Q

True or False: lymphatic capillaries are a 1-way system?

A

True, because we want fluid to go into our capillaries

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8
Q

True or False: lymphatic capillaries receive fluid from CV proteins?

A

False, receives fluid from CV capillaries

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9
Q

True or False: Lacteals are a type of lymphatic capillary that only absorbs lipids (found in intestines) and contain chyle?

A

True, only for intestines.

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10
Q

True or False: Lymphatic vessels are a valved system?

A

True

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11
Q

True or False: Lymphatic vessels receive lymph from lymphatic capillaries?

A

True

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12
Q

True or False: Lymphatic trunks are formed from lipid vessels?

A

False, lymphatic trunks are formed from lymphatic vessels.

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13
Q

What are the lymphatic trunks?

A 
Lumbar
brachiomediastinal
intestinal
jugular
subclavian
intercostal
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14
Q

True or False: Lymphatic ducts push forward lymph fluid back to the intestinal system?

A

False, lymphatic ducts return lymph fluid back to the CV system.

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15
Q

What are lymphatic ducts?

A

Right - receive lymph from R arm, head, and thorax

Thoracic - everywhere else.

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16
Q

How does lymph flow?

A

Interstitial fluid from CV capillaries ->

Lymphatic capillary ->

Afferent lymphatic vessels ->

Lymph nodes ->

Efferent lymphatic vessels ->

Lymphatic trunk ->

Lymphatic duct ->

Bloodstream via veins

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17
Q

True or False: your muscles makes the lymph flow?

A

False, it is the skeletal and pulmonary

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18
Q

What happens if the lymphatic vessels become blocked?

A

Edema

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19
Q

True or False: Edema is the build of lipids?

A

False, it is a build-up of excess fluid.

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20
Q

What is Edema?

A

Excess fluid builds up.

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21
Q

True or False: You have primary and secondary lymphatic organs and tissues?

A

True, the primary are the thymus and red bone marrow and the secondary are the palatine tonsil, spleen, large intestine and lymph node.

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22
Q

True or False: Red bone marrow is a secondary tissue?

A

False, Red bone marrow is a primary tissue because cells divide there.

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23
Q

True or False: the thymus is the primary organ?

A

True

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24
Q

What happens within the primary lymphatic organs?

A

Cells divide here. This is where white blood cells are going to be created and matured.

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25
What happens within the secondary lymphatic organs and tissues?
The immune response occurs. This is where the action happens.
26
What are the primary lymphatic organs?
Red bone marrow | Thymus
27
True or False: Lymph nodes are primary organs?
False, they are secondary.
28
True or False: lymphatic tissues are the thymus and spleen?
False, secondary lymphatic tissue are the spleen and lymphatic nodules/MALT
29
What are the secondary lymphatic organs and tissues?
The organs are lymph nodes and the tissues are spleen and lymphatic modules/MALT
30
True or False: The Thymus has a capsule that surrounds the thymus?
True, the capsule surrounds the thymus.
31
True or False: The Thymus has a cortex?
True, Cortex is everything on the outside.
32
True or False: T cells mature in the cortex of the thymus?
True
33
True or False: A T-Cell is a RBC?
False, T Cell is a type of white blood cell, in particular, a lymphocyte
34
What is the purpose of the cortex?
The purpose is to receive T cells from the red bone marrow.
35
True or False: The Thymus has a medulla?
True, The medulla is everything on the inside
36
True or False: The medulla houses infant T cells?
False, it has mature T-cells
37
True or False: The Medulla has hassle's corpuscles
True, it is unknown what they do.
38
What is the main function of the medulla?
Maturing T-Cells.
39
What is the purpose of the lymph nodes?
Trap and destroy
40
True or False: The lymph nodes have an outer cortex?
True and it contains B cells, dendrites, and macrophages.
41
True or False: The lymph nodes have an inner cortex?
True, it contains T-cells and dendrites/
42
True or False: The Lymph nodes lack a capsule but have a medulla?
False it has both a capsule that surrounds the node and a medulla that houses B-Cells and Macrophages.
43
True or False: The lymph nodes have trabeculae that surrounds the node?
False, it does have a trabeculae but it is a capsule extension.
44
True or False: The lymph node has a hilum where efferent lymphatic vessels leave?
True
45
What are lymph nodes made up of?
Capsule, outer cortex, inner cortex, trabeculae, and hilum.
46
True or False: The Spleen is the smallest of the lymphatic tissue?
False, it is the largest mass of the lymphatic tissue.
47
True or False: The spleen consists of red and purple pulp?
False, it consists of red pulp which is platelets stored and RBC destroyed. White pulp- WBC carries out immune function.
48
True or False: One of the purposes of the spleen is Erythropoiesis in the fetus?
True
49
True or False: One of the purposes of the spleen is to store platelets?
True
50
True or False: One of the purposes of the spleen is to salvage and store RBC parts for recycling?
True
51
Explain the 3 purposes of the spleen
Erythropoiesis in fetus stores platelets salvages and stores RBC parts of recycling
52
What does the red pulp do in the spleen?
Is where the platelets are stored and the RBC are destroyed.
53
What does the white pulp do in the spleen?
WBC carries out immune functions.
54
What is splenectomy?
It is when you no longer have a spleen and your liver and red bone marrow take over the spleen duties.
55
What does Peyer's patch do?
Remove and learn pathogens from the intestines.
56
What do Tonsils do?
Gather, remove, and learn pathogens from food and air.
57
How many tonsils do we have?
5 2 palatine 2 lingual 1 pharyngeal
58
True or False: there are 2 main types of immune system?
True, there is the innate and adaptive
59
True or False: Eosinophils are an adaptive cell of the immune system.
False, Eosinophils are immune cells of the system but they are part of the innate system.
60
True or False: Basophil is part of the innate cells of the immune system?
True
61
True or False: Natural Killer cells are part of the adaptive cells of the immune system?
False, they are immune system cells but they are part of the innate system.
62
True or False: Phagocytes are part of the innate cells of the immune system?
True
63
True or False: Lymphocytes are part of the innate cells of the immune system?
False, they are immune system cells but they are part of the adaptive system
64
True or False: Phagocytes have different types of cells. Those cells are Neutrophill, monocyte, basophil, and eosinophil.
``` False, the correct cells are Neutrophils Monocyte Macrophage Dendritic ```
65
True or False: Lymphocytes consist of Basophil and Eosinophil?
False it is T-cells B-cells
66
What are the different phagocyte cells?
Neutrophil, Monocyte, Macrophage Dendritic Cells Phagocyte are the eaters
67
What are the cells of the lymphocytes?
T-Cells | B-Cells
68
What are the immune system's innate cells?
Phagocytes Natural killer cells Basophil Eosinophil These are the 1st responders. Monocytes help to create macrophage and dendritic cells.
69
What are the immune system adaptive cells?
Lymphocytes
70
What the the 5 WBC?
``` Neutrophil Monocyte Basophil Eosinophil lymphocytes ```
71
True or False: You are born with innate immunity and it is present at birth.
True
72
True or False: You have 2 types of innate defenses?
True, the first line is skin and mucosa and the second line is internal (antimicrobial substances natural killer cells, phagocytes, inflammation, and fever.
73
True or False: Does your innate immune system use antigens?
False, your innate immune system does not use antigens, they are very specific and only kills cells that look funny.
74
What is your first line of innate defense
The skin and mucosa.
75
True or False: Interferons are a second line of deference that is part of the antimicrobial substances?
True, interferons come from a WBC that has been infected with the virus. This is not specific and looking for an antigen.
76
True or False: complement is used as a second line of defense that is part of the antimicrobial substance?
True, this is used in the innate and adaptive.
77
True or False: Antimicrobial proteins are part of the second line of defense that is part of the antimicrobial substances?
True and kill many different types of microbes.
78
In the second line of defense what are the 3 antimicrobial substances?
Interferons (IFN) Complement Antimicrobial proteins (AMP)
79
What is complement?
Enhance immune reactions involved in both innate and adaptive response.
80
True or False: In the complement process it creates a membrane attack complex (MAC) made of proteins?
True
81
True or False: the first step in the phases of phagocytes is Chemotaxis?
True
82
What is chemotaxis?
attracts WBC | attracts chemicals
83
True or False: the second step in the phases of phagocytes is ingesting?
False, it is adhere
84
What happens during the second step of adhering in the phases of phagocytes?
When they adhere they engolf it and use lysosome and use enzymes and acids to kill the bacteria.
85
True or False: the third step in the phases of phagocytes is digest?
False, the third step is ingest
86
What is created during the 3 step (ingest) in the phases of phagocytosis?
Create phagosomes
87
True or False: the fourth step in the phases of phagocytes is digest?
True
88
What is used during the fourth step of digest in the phases of phagocytosis?
Use of lysosome
89
True or False: The fifth and last step in the phases of phagocytes is kill?
True
90
What is phagocytosis?
Cell eating
91
True or False: NK cells are like T cells, just not specific to what it kills?
True
92
True or False: NK cells kill only abnormal cells?
True
93
How do NK cells kill their target
with granules perforin perforates the membrane (knife) and granzymes make cell do apoptosis (bomb)
94
True or False: the second line of defense is inflammation?
True
95
True or False: there is redness, swelling, heat, and pain in inflammation?
True
96
True or False: the first step in inflammation is emigration?
False, emigration is the second step. The first step is vasodilation.
97
What is vasodilation?
Increase permeability
98
What is happening during vasodilation?
Defensive proteins, histamine, prostaglandins, cytokines, and complement are all going to the site.
99
True or False: the second step in inflammation is vasodilation?
False, the second step is emigration. Vasodilation is the first step.
100
What is emigration?
Chemotaxis
101
What happens during emigration?
Neutrophils and macrophages go to the area and pus occur which is a collection of dead cells.
102
True or False: the last step in inflammation is emigration?
False, the last step is tissue repair.
103
What is the purpose of fever aka pyrexia?
promote interferon activity elevates BMR discourages bacteria/viral reproduction accelerate repair-more defense
104
What are antibodies (AB)
Gamma globulin which complete with specific antigen | Aka
105
True or False: Ab is a protein?
True
106
True or False: IgA does not prevent pathogens from sticking to epithelia?
False, it does, prevent pathogens from sticking to epithelia.
107
What is IgA
Prevents pathogens from sticking to epithelia
108
True or False: True or False: IgD helps to create proteins?
False it is found on B cells and activates them.
109
What is IgD?
Found on B Cells and activates them
110
True or False: IgE stimulates fat production?
False, IgE on and stimulates basophils/mast cells. These secrete histamines and cause allergic response, protect against parasites.
111
What is IgE
On and stimulates basophils/mast cells. They secrete histamines, cause an allergic response, and protect against parasites.
112
True or False: IgG causes pregnancy?
False, it is the most common antibody
113
What is IgG?
The most common antibody and primary Ig of the secondary immune response.
114
True or False: IgM is the antigen receptor in B-Cell plasm membrane?
True
115
What is IgM?
Antigen receptor in B-Cell plasma membrane. Predominant Ig of primary immune response includes anti-A and Anti-B of ABO blood groups.
116
What are antigen-presenting cells.
Engulfs antigens or antigens are already present in the cell. Presents them to T-cell
117
True or False: T-cells migrate from the red bone marrow and mature in the thymus. This T-cell will be able to learn what the antigen looks like.
True
118
What do T-Cells do?
Destroy cells and stimulate B-Cells.
119
True or False: T-cells secrete antibodies?
False
120
What are the two types of T-cells?
``` Helper T-cells- they use the CD4 protein Cytotoxic cells (killer) use CD8 ```
121
True or False: B-Cells are made and matured in the red bone marrow.
True
122
What do B-Cells do?
antigen-presenting cells (APC) | Secrete antibodies into the blood
123
True or False: B-Cells kill cells?
False, do not kill cells. All they do is create and secreate antibodies.
124
What is MHC?
They are the holders of the antigen. Once the antigen-presenting cell engulfs the micobo and it will present it on to their bodies and it will have all these sticker things that shows what the antigen looks like.
125
True or False: there are two types of MHC?
True, they are class 1 and class II
126
True or False: Class I of the MHC are associated with CD8 (killer) T Cells
True, Foreign antigens are present on the inside of the body/cells.
127
True or False: Class II are Foreign antibodies that came from the outside of the body.
True, foreign antibodies came from the outside of the body Associate with CD4(Helper) T Cells.

Biology 202 (5 decks)

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