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Biology 202 > Lymphatic System and Immunity Unit 22 > Flashcards

Lymphatic System and Immunity Unit 22 Flashcards

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1
Q

True or False: One function of the lymphatic system absorbs interstitial fluid?

A

True, remember most is reabsorbed by the cardiovascular system.

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2
Q

True or False: One function of the lymphatic system is to absorb and transport lipids from intestines?

A

True, out lymphatic system helps transport and absorbed it.

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3
Q

True or False: One function of the lymphatic system is to generate and monitor immune responses?

A

True

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4
Q

What is part of the lymphatic system?

A 
Lymphatic capillaries,
lym vessels, 
lym nodes,
lym ducts, 
lym trunks, 
lym ducts, 
primary lymphatic organs,  secondary lym organs and tissues.
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5
Q

What creates lymph fluid?

A

The interstitial fluid

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6
Q

True or False: Lymphatic capillaries are smaller than vascular capillaries?

A

False, lymphatic capillaries are larger than vascular capillaries

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7
Q

True or False: lymphatic capillaries are a 1-way system?

A

True, because we want fluid to go into our capillaries

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8
Q

True or False: lymphatic capillaries receive fluid from CV proteins?

A

False, receives fluid from CV capillaries

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9
Q

True or False: Lacteals are a type of lymphatic capillary that only absorbs lipids (found in intestines) and contain chyle?

A

True, only for intestines.

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10
Q

True or False: Lymphatic vessels are a valved system?

A

True

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11
Q

True or False: Lymphatic vessels receive lymph from lymphatic capillaries?

A

True

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12
Q

True or False: Lymphatic trunks are formed from lipid vessels?

A

False, lymphatic trunks are formed from lymphatic vessels.

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13
Q

What are the lymphatic trunks?

A 
Lumbar
brachiomediastinal
intestinal
jugular
subclavian
intercostal
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14
Q

True or False: Lymphatic ducts push forward lymph fluid back to the intestinal system?

A

False, lymphatic ducts return lymph fluid back to the CV system.

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15
Q

What are lymphatic ducts?

A

Right - receive lymph from R arm, head, and thorax

Thoracic - everywhere else.

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16
Q

How does lymph flow?

A

Interstitial fluid from CV capillaries ->

Lymphatic capillary ->

Afferent lymphatic vessels ->

Lymph nodes ->

Efferent lymphatic vessels ->

Lymphatic trunk ->

Lymphatic duct ->

Bloodstream via veins

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17
Q

True or False: your muscles makes the lymph flow?

A

False, it is the skeletal and pulmonary

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18
Q

What happens if the lymphatic vessels become blocked?

A

Edema

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19
Q

True or False: Edema is the build of lipids?

A

False, it is a build-up of excess fluid.

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20
Q

What is Edema?

A

Excess fluid builds up.

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21
Q

True or False: You have primary and secondary lymphatic organs and tissues?

A

True, the primary are the thymus and red bone marrow and the secondary are the palatine tonsil, spleen, large intestine and lymph node.

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22
Q

True or False: Red bone marrow is a secondary tissue?

A

False, Red bone marrow is a primary tissue because cells divide there.

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23
Q

True or False: the thymus is the primary organ?

A

True

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24
Q

What happens within the primary lymphatic organs?

A

Cells divide here. This is where white blood cells are going to be created and matured.

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25
Q

What happens within the secondary lymphatic organs and tissues?

A

The immune response occurs. This is where the action happens.

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26
Q

What are the primary lymphatic organs?

A

Red bone marrow

Thymus

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27
Q

True or False: Lymph nodes are primary organs?

A

False, they are secondary.

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28
Q

True or False: lymphatic tissues are the thymus and spleen?

A

False, secondary lymphatic tissue are the spleen and lymphatic nodules/MALT

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29
Q

What are the secondary lymphatic organs and tissues?

A

The organs are lymph nodes and the tissues are spleen and lymphatic modules/MALT

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30
Q

True or False: The Thymus has a capsule that surrounds the thymus?

A

True, the capsule surrounds the thymus.

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31
Q

True or False: The Thymus has a cortex?

A

True, Cortex is everything on the outside.

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32
Q

True or False: T cells mature in the cortex of the thymus?

A

True

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33
Q

True or False: A T-Cell is a RBC?

A

False, T Cell is a type of white blood cell, in particular, a lymphocyte

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34
Q

What is the purpose of the cortex?

A

The purpose is to receive T cells from the red bone marrow.

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35
Q

True or False: The Thymus has a medulla?

A

True, The medulla is everything on the inside

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36
Q

True or False: The medulla houses infant T cells?

A

False, it has mature T-cells

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37
Q

True or False: The Medulla has hassle’s corpuscles

A

True, it is unknown what they do.

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38
Q

What is the main function of the medulla?

A

Maturing T-Cells.

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39
Q

What is the purpose of the lymph nodes?

A

Trap and destroy

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40
Q

True or False: The lymph nodes have an outer cortex?

A

True and it contains B cells, dendrites, and macrophages.

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41
Q

True or False: The lymph nodes have an inner cortex?

A

True, it contains T-cells and dendrites/

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42
Q

True or False: The Lymph nodes lack a capsule but have a medulla?

A

False it has both a capsule that surrounds the node and a medulla that houses B-Cells and Macrophages.

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43
Q

True or False: The lymph nodes have trabeculae that surrounds the node?

A

False, it does have a trabeculae but it is a capsule extension.

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44
Q

True or False: The lymph node has a hilum where efferent lymphatic vessels leave?

A

True

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45
Q

What are lymph nodes made up of?

A

Capsule, outer cortex, inner cortex, trabeculae, and hilum.

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46
Q

True or False: The Spleen is the smallest of the lymphatic tissue?

A

False, it is the largest mass of the lymphatic tissue.

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47
Q

True or False: The spleen consists of red and purple pulp?

A

False, it consists of red pulp which is platelets stored and RBC destroyed.
White pulp- WBC carries out immune function.

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48
Q

True or False: One of the purposes of the spleen is Erythropoiesis in the fetus?

A

True

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49
Q

True or False: One of the purposes of the spleen is to store platelets?

A

True

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50
Q

True or False: One of the purposes of the spleen is to salvage and store RBC parts for recycling?

A

True

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51
Q

Explain the 3 purposes of the spleen

A

Erythropoiesis in fetus
stores platelets
salvages and stores RBC parts of recycling

52
Q

What does the red pulp do in the spleen?

A

Is where the platelets are stored and the RBC are destroyed.

53
Q

What does the white pulp do in the spleen?

A

WBC carries out immune functions.

54
Q

What is splenectomy?

A

It is when you no longer have a spleen and your liver and red bone marrow take over the spleen duties.

55
Q

What does Peyer’s patch do?

A

Remove and learn pathogens from the intestines.

56
Q

What do Tonsils do?

A

Gather, remove, and learn pathogens from food and air.

57
Q

How many tonsils do we have?

A

5
2 palatine
2 lingual
1 pharyngeal

58
Q

True or False: there are 2 main types of immune system?

A

True, there is the innate and adaptive

59
Q

True or False: Eosinophils are an adaptive cell of the immune system.

A

False, Eosinophils are immune cells of the system but they are part of the innate system.

60
Q

True or False: Basophil is part of the innate cells of the immune system?

A

True

61
Q

True or False: Natural Killer cells are part of the adaptive cells of the immune system?

A

False, they are immune system cells but they are part of the innate system.

62
Q

True or False: Phagocytes are part of the innate cells of the immune system?

A

True

63
Q

True or False: Lymphocytes are part of the innate cells of the immune system?

A

False, they are immune system cells but they are part of the adaptive system

64
Q

True or False: Phagocytes have different types of cells. Those cells are Neutrophill, monocyte, basophil, and eosinophil.

A 
False, the correct cells are 
Neutrophils
Monocyte
Macrophage
Dendritic
65
Q

True or False: Lymphocytes consist of Basophil and Eosinophil?

A

False it is
T-cells
B-cells

66
Q

What are the different phagocyte cells?

A

Neutrophil,
Monocyte,
Macrophage
Dendritic Cells

Phagocyte are the eaters

67
Q

What are the cells of the lymphocytes?

A

T-Cells

B-Cells

68
Q

What are the immune system’s innate cells?

A

Phagocytes
Natural killer cells
Basophil
Eosinophil

These are the 1st responders. Monocytes help to create macrophage and dendritic cells.

69
Q

What are the immune system adaptive cells?

A

Lymphocytes

70
Q

What the the 5 WBC?

A 
Neutrophil
Monocyte
Basophil
Eosinophil
lymphocytes
71
Q

True or False: You are born with innate immunity and it is present at birth.

A

True

72
Q

True or False: You have 2 types of innate defenses?

A

True, the first line is skin and mucosa and the second line is internal
(antimicrobial substances natural killer cells, phagocytes, inflammation, and fever.

73
Q

True or False: Does your innate immune system use antigens?

A

False, your innate immune system does not use antigens, they are very specific and only kills cells that look funny.

74
Q

What is your first line of innate defense

A

The skin and mucosa.

75
Q

True or False: Interferons are a second line of deference that is part of the antimicrobial substances?

A

True, interferons come from a WBC that has been infected with the virus. This is not specific and looking for an antigen.

76
Q

True or False: complement is used as a second line of defense that is part of the antimicrobial substance?

A

True, this is used in the innate and adaptive.

77
Q

True or False: Antimicrobial proteins are part of the second line of defense that is part of the antimicrobial substances?

A

True and kill many different types of microbes.

78
Q

In the second line of defense what are the 3 antimicrobial substances?

A

Interferons (IFN)
Complement
Antimicrobial proteins (AMP)

79
Q

What is complement?

A

Enhance immune reactions involved in both innate and adaptive response.

80
Q

True or False: In the complement process it creates a membrane attack complex (MAC) made of proteins?

A

True

81
Q

True or False: the first step in the phases of phagocytes is Chemotaxis?

A

True

82
Q

What is chemotaxis?

A

attracts WBC

attracts chemicals

83
Q

True or False: the second step in the phases of phagocytes is ingesting?

A

False, it is adhere

84
Q

What happens during the second step of adhering in the phases of phagocytes?

A

When they adhere they engolf it and use lysosome and use enzymes and acids to kill the bacteria.

85
Q

True or False: the third step in the phases of phagocytes is digest?

A

False, the third step is ingest

86
Q

What is created during the 3 step (ingest) in the phases of phagocytosis?

A

Create phagosomes

87
Q

True or False: the fourth step in the phases of phagocytes is digest?

A

True

88
Q

What is used during the fourth step of digest in the phases of phagocytosis?

A

Use of lysosome

89
Q

True or False: The fifth and last step in the phases of phagocytes is kill?

A

True

90
Q

What is phagocytosis?

A

Cell eating

91
Q

True or False: NK cells are like T cells, just not specific to what it kills?

A

True

92
Q

True or False: NK cells kill only abnormal cells?

A

True

93
Q

How do NK cells kill their target

A

with granules

perforin perforates the membrane (knife)

and granzymes make cell do apoptosis (bomb)

94
Q

True or False: the second line of defense is inflammation?

A

True

95
Q

True or False: there is redness, swelling, heat, and pain in inflammation?

A

True

96
Q

True or False: the first step in inflammation is emigration?

A

False, emigration is the second step. The first step is vasodilation.

97
Q

What is vasodilation?

A

Increase permeability

98
Q

What is happening during vasodilation?

A

Defensive proteins, histamine, prostaglandins, cytokines, and complement are all going to the site.

99
Q

True or False: the second step in inflammation is vasodilation?

A

False, the second step is emigration. Vasodilation is the first step.

100
Q

What is emigration?

A

Chemotaxis

101
Q

What happens during emigration?

A

Neutrophils and macrophages go to the area and pus occur which is a collection of dead cells.

102
Q

True or False: the last step in inflammation is emigration?

A

False, the last step is tissue repair.

103
Q

What is the purpose of fever aka pyrexia?

A

promote interferon activity
elevates BMR
discourages bacteria/viral reproduction
accelerate repair-more defense

104
Q

What are antibodies (AB)

A

Gamma globulin which complete with specific antigen

Aka

105
Q

True or False: Ab is a protein?

A

True

106
Q

True or False: IgA does not prevent pathogens from sticking to epithelia?

A

False, it does, prevent pathogens from sticking to epithelia.

107
Q

What is IgA

A

Prevents pathogens from sticking to epithelia

108
Q

True or False: True or False: IgD helps to create proteins?

A

False it is found on B cells and activates them.

109
Q

What is IgD?

A

Found on B Cells and activates them

110
Q

True or False: IgE stimulates fat production?

A

False, IgE on and stimulates basophils/mast cells. These secrete histamines and cause allergic response, protect against parasites.

111
Q

What is IgE

A

On and stimulates basophils/mast cells. They secrete histamines, cause an allergic response, and protect against parasites.

112
Q

True or False: IgG causes pregnancy?

A

False, it is the most common antibody

113
Q

What is IgG?

A

The most common antibody and primary Ig of the secondary immune response.

114
Q

True or False: IgM is the antigen receptor in B-Cell plasm membrane?

A

True

115
Q

What is IgM?

A

Antigen receptor in B-Cell plasma membrane.

Predominant Ig of primary immune response includes anti-A and Anti-B of ABO blood groups.

116
Q

What are antigen-presenting cells.

A

Engulfs antigens or antigens are already present in the cell.

Presents them to T-cell

117
Q

True or False: T-cells migrate from the red bone marrow and mature in the thymus. This T-cell will be able to learn what the antigen looks like.

A

True

118
Q

What do T-Cells do?

A

Destroy cells and stimulate B-Cells.

119
Q

True or False: T-cells secrete antibodies?

A

False

120
Q

What are the two types of T-cells?

A 
Helper T-cells- they use the CD4 protein 
Cytotoxic cells (killer) use CD8
121
Q

True or False: B-Cells are made and matured in the red bone marrow.

A

True

122
Q

What do B-Cells do?

A

antigen-presenting cells (APC)

Secrete antibodies into the blood

123
Q

True or False: B-Cells kill cells?

A

False, do not kill cells. All they do is create and secreate antibodies.

124
Q

What is MHC?

A

They are the holders of the antigen. Once the antigen-presenting cell engulfs the micobo and it will present it on to their bodies and it will have all these sticker things that shows what the antigen looks like.

125
Q

True or False: there are two types of MHC?

A

True, they are class 1 and class II

126
Q

True or False: Class I of the MHC are associated with CD8 (killer) T Cells

A

True, Foreign antigens are present on the inside of the body/cells.

127
Q

True or False: Class II are Foreign antibodies that came from the outside of the body.

A

True, foreign antibodies came from the outside of the body

Associate with CD4(Helper) T Cells.

Biology 202 (5 decks)

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