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IR and E&W Hist > the bipolar Cold War system > Flashcards

the bipolar Cold War system Flashcards

1
Q

“Grand Alliance” : members, basis and conferences

A
  • US, UK, USSR
  • basis: Atlantic Charter
  • Conf: Teheran, Yalta, and Potsdam
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2
Q

atlantic charter

A
  • august 1941 (US/UK)
  • defend the fund freedoms + fight barbaric forces
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3
Q

conference of Teheran

A
  • nov 1943
  • Stalin, Wilson, Churchill
  • remain united, to fix the goal of winning the war
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4
Q

Conference of Yalta

A
  • Feb 1945
  • occupation of G and consolidation of the UNO
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5
Q

Conference of Potsdam

A

July 1945: confirmation of sharing out, status of G (5N’s), reparations

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6
Q

creation of UNO + founding members

A

1945
San Francisco Charter
51 founding members

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7
Q

UNO organs

A
  • general assembly
  • security council (all decisions on peace and security) = “4 policemen” (Roosevelt)
  • secretariat
  • international court of Justice
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8
Q

UNO principles + objectives

A

collective security: non aggression, international law, collective action, disarmament
peace and security, friendly relations among countries thanks to the respect of equal rights and self-determination, achieve international co-op to solve issues

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9
Q

collective security

A

principle of maintaining peace between states by mobilizing international opinion to condemn aggression

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10
Q

financial institutions completing the UNO + date of creation

A

Bretton Woods (International Monetary Fund and the World Bank)
Conference of Bretton Woods, 1944

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11
Q

GATT

A

1947
suppress trade barriers and organize free trade system

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12
Q

origins of the Cold War

A
  • ideology and values : goals clashed
  • pb of balance of pw
  • geopolitics : opp btw sea pws and continental pws
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13
Q

MacCarthyism

A

1959
virulent anticommunism

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14
Q

balance of power

A

system of mutual military deterrence and of co-operation

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15
Q

pb of balance of pw : characteristics of great pws and wants

A
  • US : global hegemony, containment, ag authoritarianism and colonialism
  • USSR : expansionist, worried about its own security, decolonization
  • UK + FR : weakened by WWII but wants to preserve their Empire
  • Ch : civil war
  • G + Jpn : defeated, divided
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16
Q

Opp btw sea pws and continental pw

A
  • A. Mahan, The Influence of sea upon History (1890) : sea pw = fund element to dominate IR
  • H. MacKinder, Heartland (1904) = “the geographical pivot of History” => who dominated Heartland dominates the world = threat to sea pws
  • N. Spykman, Geography of Space (1943) : Heartland = USSR, Rimland = all countries bordering Heartland => should make a collar to prevent its expansion
    => containment
17
Q

design of containment

A
  • Kennan’s Long Telegram
  • Churchill’s Fulton Speech
  • Truman doctrine
  • Marshall Plan
  • NATO, CENTO, SEATO
  • doctrine of nuclear massive retaliation : US could respond to all external threats
18
Q

Kennan’s Long T + Churchill’s Speech

A

1946
- K: tradition in soviet foreign policy = develop an expansion towards Europe…
- C: iron curtain + no freedom in the East

19
Q

Truman Doctrine & Marshall Plan

A

1947
- T: political, military and eco aid to all dem nations under threat
- M : financial aid

20
Q

Cominform

A

1947
to promote com
replace the Comintern demantled

21
Q

Prague Coup and Berlin Blockade

A

1948
- B: Stalin wanted B to be fully part of Eastern G : blocked the access to W B for 1 year

22
Q

cold war in Asia

A
  • civil war in Ch
  • korean war
  • indochina war
23
Q

civil war in Ch

A

1945-49
com won => sino-soviet alliance in 1950

24
Q

korean war

A

1950-53
NK aggression => internat action => ch support of NK => truce line

25
Q

to what the korean war led ?

A

rapid militarization, globalization of CW, exp of containment Sino-Soviet (SEATO)

26
Q

indochina war

A

1946-54
vietminh (com) vs fr (us)
=> division of Vietnam

27
Q

peaceful coexistence dates

A

1953-1962

28
Q

peaceful coexistence principles

A

mentionned in the Sino-India Border treaty
- respect of sovereignty and territorial integrity
- non-aggression
- non-interference in internal affairs
- equality and mutual benefit
(- peaceful coexistence)

29
Q

Sino-India Border treaty

A

1954

30
Q

destalinization

A
  • proposed in 1956 by Khrouchtchev at the 20th Congress of the Communist Party
  • liberalisation + IR = peaceful coexistence (competition in fields other than war)
31
Q

bipolar system btw E and W

A
  • military deadlock
  • consolidation of the 2 camps
  • cooperation and competition
  • indirect confrontation in the 3rd World : Cuba, Vietnam
32
Q

military deadlock

A

soviet nuclear weapon in 1949 + US military buildup with NSC68 => mutual assured destruction
=> arms race for superiority seek
cuba missile crisis => “peace impossible, war unlikely” (R.Aron)
nuclear deterrence has to be recognized as fact of IR

33
Q

consolidation of the 2 camps

A

W: NATO + troops in W Europe for security guarantee (containment)
E: Warsaw Pact + crackdown in Budapest => E remain com + Berlin Wall

+ Asia divided

34
Q

creation of NATO

A

after the Washington Treaty in 1949

35
Q

Warsaw Pact

A

1955

36
Q

Budapest Crackdown

A

1956

37
Q

coop and competition

A

coop: treaty creating IAEA = International Agency on Atomic Energy, high level summits
competition: soviet success in space = space race

38
Q

treaty creating IAEA

A

1956

IR and E&W Hist (6 decks)

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