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IR and E&W Hist > decolonization, 3rd World and international economy > Flashcards

decolonization, 3rd World and international economy Flashcards

1
Q

decolonization: def

A

= “the process whereby an imperial power gives up its authority over its colonies” (A.Best…)
related to self-government and self-determination

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2
Q

where did decolonization start ? thanks to whom?
order of decolonization in this region

A

America, thanks to the US
USA-Canada-Latin Am-Cuba

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3
Q

creation of the USA

A

1776 (British col)

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4
Q

indep of Latin America

A

1882
Monroe Doctrine : European should not interfere anymore in Am

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5
Q

indep of Canada

A

dominion in 1867 and independence in 1931

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6
Q

decolonization of Cuba

A

1902

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7
Q

order of the world decolonization

A

Am - Middle East - Asia - Afr

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8
Q

colonization of the ME

A

1916: Sykes-Picot + 1920: San Remo
Fr: Lebanon and Syria
UK: Palestine, Transjordan, Iraq

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9
Q

decolonization of Egypt

A

1922

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10
Q

decolonization of Iraq

A

1930

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11
Q

decolonization of Lebanon and Syria

A

1946

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12
Q

indep of Palestine/Israel

A

1948

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13
Q

decolonization of Lybia

A

1951, (IT)

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14
Q

decolonization of Morocco and Tunesia

A

1956

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15
Q

algerian war

A

1954-1962

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16
Q

whose countries helped the decolonization process of Asia ?

A

Jpn and US

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17
Q

decolonization of Korea

A

1945

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18
Q

decolonization of Philippines

A

1946

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19
Q

indochina war

A

1946-1954

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20
Q

decolonization of India/Pakistan

A

1947

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21
Q

decolonization of Burma (UK)

A

1948

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22
Q

decolonization of Indonesia (NL)

A

1949

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23
Q

decolonization of Singapore

A

1963

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24
Q

decolonization of South Afr

A

1910, dominion

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25
Q

decolonization of Gold Coast

A

1957

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26
Q

decolonization of Guinea (FR)

A

1958

27
Q

decolonization of French Africa and Congo (BELG)

A

1960

28
Q

decolonization of Spanish and Portuguese colonies

A

1975

29
Q

decolonization of Namibia (mandate of SA)

A

1990

30
Q

3rd world : wants, invention, claims

A

wants: more pw, more respected by richer countries, no cold war
invention: principles of the peaceful coexistence
claims: Bandung : continuations of the decolonization process and development

31
Q

Bandung Conference

A

17 April 1955, 29 states : mainly asian countries
some intended results didn’t really come to terms as there were CW participants but success

32
Q

“Non-aligned movement” : beginning, major summit, concept strength and weakness

A
  • beg: Brioni meeting in Yugoslavia in 1956 btw 3 leaders
  • Belgrade Summit, 25 states
  • neutralism
  • strength : real force in IR: majority in UN Gen Assembly => resolutions passed
  • weakness: CW battleground
33
Q

Belgrade summit

A

1961
agreement: pressure group who focus mainly on political problems (CW, colonialism and apartheid) as well as eco dev issues.

34
Q

foundation of the OPEC

A

1960

35
Q

UNCTAD + G77 try during it

A

1964
UN Conf on Trade and Development
supports developing countries to access the benefits of a globalized economy more fairly and effectively
G77: try to fix a goal for the dvpt aid (1% GDP rich countries annually)

36
Q

first oil shock

A

1973
price *4
in retaliation of supporting Israel against Egypt and Syria as well as in response USD value decline

37
Q

UNGA : new international Eco order resolution

A

1974
more balanced relations N/S
= eco ability of S to change IR shown

38
Q

launch of N/S dialogue

A

1976
paris

39
Q

2nd oil shock

A

1979
price * 2 compared to the price after the 1st oil shock
due to the Iranian Revolution

40
Q

N/S Summit in Cancun

A

1981
seemed that the south had succeeded in becoming an eco force

41
Q

aim of G77

A
  • promote their collective economic interests and enhance their joint negotiating capacity on all major international economic issues within the United Nations system
  • promote South-South cooperation for development.
42
Q

western eco integration

A

want of USA to prepare eco coop, new internat eco based one liberal values (free trade, open eco and soc) + BW institutions (obj : price stability and gold standard)
+ thanks to GATT (trade lib) , Marshall Plan => OEEC creation, Keynesian consensus (dvpt of public investment and welfare state)

43
Q

OEEC

A

Organization for European Eco Coop
1948
to aminister the Marshall plan

44
Q

crisis of the West : what happened, consequences and sol

A

what happened :
- weakening of the US due to CW => US trade deficit and USD devaluation => end of the BW system
- oil shocks => end of cheap oil, more and more trade and budget deficits, inflation (“stagflation”), rising of unemployment, debts more and more important => eco crisis
sol :
- creation of the G7 = western European cooperation, proposed by FR
- neoliberal solutions: Thatcher (1979) and Reagan (80) => consensus became dominant
= reduction of the gvt intervention, more exports, liberalization of eco, reduction of deficit, more competitiveness

45
Q

USD devaluation

A

1971, no more convertibilty into gold

46
Q

end of BW system

A

1976
Jamaica Agreement

47
Q

creation of the G7 + members

A

1975-1976
major western eco : JPN, USA, UK, FR, Germ
+ IT and CAN in 1976

48
Q

crisis of the communist model in the East

A
  • eco failure under Mao Zedong : agr into modern country but then under D. Xiaoping modernization policy (“4 modernizations”) in 1979 : liberalization of eco
  • failure of the planned eco in the soviet block => collapse of the system in Eastern Europe and desintegration of the USSR (89-91)
49
Q

crisis of the south : successes vs failures

A
  • eco success of Eastern Asia based on open eco, lib, state intervention = flying geese paradigm
  • oil shocks => debt crisis in Mex + Latin Am => Washington Consensus
  • fragmented “3rd World” = “emerging eco” vs “least developed countries “ : GDP / hab < 1000 $ a year (mostly subsaharian) => dvpt of the Monterrey consensus
50
Q

4 dragons

A

Taiwan, Singapore, Hong-Kong, South Korea

51
Q

eg of tigers

A

Indonesia, Philippines

52
Q

debt crisis in Mex

A

1982

53
Q

Washington consensus

A

John Williamson, 1990
based on BW institutions and on liberal principles (less state intervention, more competitiveness, more refunds, reduction of debt and public, social spending)

54
Q

OECD

A

1960
previously OEEC but more global
37 countries such as South Korea and Mex = countries who got closer to the West

55
Q

Monterrey consensus

A

2002

56
Q

“globalization”

A
  • international coop possible thanks to the hegemonic stability of the USA (>20% world GDP)
  • based on liberal principles => growing process of interdependence of international eco
  • creation of the World Trade Org
  • economic regional integration
  • creation of G20 => cooperative answer possible through G20 to world eco crisis
57
Q

creation of the World Trade Org

A

1995
ensure trade liberalization
Ch in 2001 and Russia in 2012

58
Q

creation of the G20 + first summit

A
  • 1997 after financial crisis in Asia (pb of solvability, collapse of stock market) : global aspects
  • 2008 = 1st summit
59
Q

first BRIC summit

A

2009 then BRICS in 2011

60
Q

the growing importance of environment

A
  • The Limits to Growth, Club of Rome : carrying on this model of growth will be dangerous for the sustainability of the planet , important echo
  • brundtland report : “sustainable development “
  • Rio summit : adoption of the conventions on climate change + to protect biodiversity
  • UN Millenium Summit : millenium dvpt goals
  • Paris agreement on climate, SDG by 2030
61
Q

def of sustainable development

A

a development mode that has to reconcile eco growth, the reduction of inequality, and the preservation of natural resources in order to not wrong future generations

62
Q

rio summit date

A

1992

63
Q

UN Millennium Summit

A

2000

64
Q

the threats to globalization

A

failure of regulation ( not fully efficient), inequalities, failure of coop (protectionism, nat), environment (climate change), health (coronavirus), politics : “southern contestation” + strategic competition

IR and E&W Hist (6 decks)

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