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IR and E&W Hist > détente and the end of the CW (1962-1991) > Flashcards

détente and the end of the CW (1962-1991) Flashcards

1
Q

nuclear arms race

A
  • soviet nuclear weapon
  • “missile gap” => US fear
    => Brinkmanship : Cuba missile crisis
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2
Q

nuclear arms control

A
  • start of disarmament talks in the UN
  • red telephone : limitation of nuclear test to underground only
  • nuclear non-proliferation treaty
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3
Q

start of disarmament talks in the UN

A

1959

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4
Q

limitation of nuclear test to underground date

A

1963

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5
Q

NPT date + aim

A

1968
prevent the spread of nuclear weapons
5 off nuclear weapons states

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6
Q

Vietnam War : weakening of the US

A
  • US growing support to the south : advisers
  • start of US military engagement after Tonkin Bay incident : 500,000 troops + 60,000 casualties
  • Vietnamization : new policy
  • Paris Accords
  • Fall of Saigon + com victory in Laos and Cambodia
  • Vietnam syndrome : no more support of military intervention
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7
Q

Vietnamization : date + what does it consist of

A

1969
gradual withdrawal of troops while gradually expanding military aid

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8
Q

Paris accords

A

1973

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9
Q

crisis of the bipolar system

A
  • Decolonization/ 3rd World / Non-alignment Mouvement emergence: IR pluralistic + rejection of CW
  • US weakened + challenged
  • USSR domination challenged in the East
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10
Q

US weakened and challenged

A
  • Vietnam War + CW : US trade deficit + USD devaluation
  • challenged by : FR pdt De Gaulle ( independent foreign policy, + nuclear weapons) + Ostpolitik + Harmel Report
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11
Q

FR nuclear weapon

A

1960

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12
Q

Ostpolitik : date, aim, person under it

A

1969 onwards
Willy Brandt
aimed at reducing tensions with hope of negotiating a peaceful reunification of G

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13
Q

Harmel report

A

1967
NATO
trying to eliminate unnatural barriers btw E/W Europe

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14
Q

USSR challenged

A
  • Tito/Stalin breakup
  • sino-soviet split
  • Romania
  • Prague Spring => Albania withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact
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15
Q

Tito / Stalin breakup

A

1948

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16
Q

Sino-soviet split

A

1960 due to ideological divisions

17
Q

Prague Spring

A

1968
put down by soviet troops

18
Q

a new multipolar system : a new US leadership

A
  • R. Nixon 1969-1974
  • Henry Kissinger : national security councilor of N until 1973 then 1973-1977: secretary of state : same policy as Bismarck and Metternich, realism and negociation by “linkages”
19
Q

a new multipolar system : new pws

A
  • PRC : nuclear power, in the UNO + Security Council, diplomatic relations with US
  • India: treaty with USSR, nuclear pw
  • JPN: 2nd World Eco pw, politically recognized
  • Western Europe : more united after 1970
  • Oil crisis : weakening of the west, creation of G7, end of BW system = more multipolarity in monetary and financial relations
20
Q

Chinese and Indian nuclear power

A

China : 1964
India : 1974

21
Q

treaty with USSR (India) and admission in UNO + Security Council (China)

22
Q

achievements of the Détente

A
  • China in UNO
  • Nuclear arms control : SALT I and II : Strategic Arms Limitation treaty, 1972 & 1979
  • End of Vietnam War
  • Ostpolitik : beginning of the rapprochement
  • CSCE
  • Israelo-Egyptian peace
23
Q

CSCE

A

Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe
concluded by Helsinki Final Act in 1975
35 countries
promotion of human rights + coop in eco, social and cultural progress

24
Q

Israelo-Egyptian Peace

A

1978
Camp David

25
Q

new tensions

A
  • arms race despite agreement ( MIRV, euromissiles, anti-ballistic defense)
  • failure of J. Carter’s moral policy => progress of soviets
  • soviet invasion in Afghanistan
  • CW in the ‘Third World’
26
Q

soviet invasion of Afghanistan : date + military numbers

A

1979
100,000 troops + 14,000 casualties

27
Q

CW in the ‘third World’

A

Asia : Vietnam
Africa : SA, Horn of Africa (strategic position)
Latin America (Nicaragua)

28
Q

the weakening of the Soviet Union

A
  • Reagan : policy more assertive, military intervention & Star Wars system
  • Soviet eco not efficient anymore : Gorbatchev : perestroika (restructuring com system) and glasnost (more transparency about the functioning of the system) but eco already bankrupted
29
Q

star wars system

A

1983
ballistic missile defense to protect territory, soviets couldn’t cope with this nuclear race

30
Q

the end of the CW

A
  • Nuclear Disarmament : Treaty of Washington on Euromissiles (Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces treaty) 1987 : now dismantled
  • Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan 1989
  • Uprising in Eastern Europe : Gorbatchev approved democratization and fall of Berlin Wall in 1989
  • Reunification of Germany
  • Gulf war in Iraq 1990-1991
  • Disintegration of USSR =>1 unipolar moment for the US

IR and E&W Hist (6 decks)

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