The biological approach Flashcards
How do biological psychologists view behaviour?
All behaviour and psychological processes were at first biological.
In what 4 ways does biopsychology describe influences on behaviour?
Influence of:
Genes
Biological structures
Neurochemistry
Evolution
What is the genotype?
The direct genetic make-up of an individual. A collection of inherited genetic material.
What is the phenotype?
The observable characteristics of an individual. It is a result of the interaction of the genotype with the environment.
Define what a gene is.
A part of the chromosome of an organism that carries information in the form of DNA.
What is heritability?
The extent to which a trait (part of the phenotype) is influenced by genetic factors.
Briefly outline the nervous system and its role.
Central NS - brain and spinal cord
Peripheral NS - somatic and autonomic nervous system
Carries messages throughout the body through neurons. Controls subconscious and conscious actions. Fight or flight, motor movements etc.
What is the significance of neurotransmitters in influencing our behaviour?
Change activity at the post-synaptic neuron, influencing mood and activity levels.
What are excitatory neurotransmitters and give an example.
Trigger nerve impulses in receiving neuron, stimulating brain into action. Dopamine - associated with drive and motivation.
What are inhibitory neurotransmitters and give an example.
Inhibit/slow nerve activity in receiving neuron, calming the brain and balancing mood. Serotonin associated with relaxation and mood regulation.
Briefly outline the influence of hormones on our behaviour.
Chemicals released by glands into bloodstream controlled by brain (pituitary). Cause physiological changes at the cell, altering activity. E.g. testosterone causing aggression.
Describe how natural selection influences our behaviour.
The process by which inherited characteristics enhance an individual’s reproductive success, increasing the chance it is passed onto the next generation, therefore becoming more widespread throughout a population.
(AO3) Describe the advantage of using the scientific approach in biopsychology.
Controlled and replicable research is statistical and precise. Increases internal validity and reliability. Uses .99 level of significance (super precise). Particularly important when developing general treatments for whole population.
(AO3) What is the strength of applying the biological approach in real life?
Clear and precise explanations = clear and precise diagnosis. Allows for development of drug treatments. Successful (antidepressants and depression/OCD) and easy to take. But side effects and high chance of relapse.
(AO3) Explain the relevancy of reductionism to the biological approach.
Biological reductionism - reducing behaviour to a purely physical level. Over done here. For example, depression cannot simply be explained by a lack of dopamine. Diathesis stress (interactionist) may be more appropriate. Hence success of CBT + drugs.
