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Psychology: Approaches in Psychology > The Biological Approach > Flashcards

The Biological Approach Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the biological approach?

A

A combination of psychology and biology to provide psychological explanations for human behaviour

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2
Q

What is the nature-nurture debate?

A

Behavioural development depends on interaction of the gene with other genes and the environment

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3
Q

What is Heritability?

A

The amount of variation in a trait within a population that can be attributed to genetic differences

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4
Q

Quote to back nature-nurture argument

A
  • “All natural abilities are inherited” - Francis Galton
  • Galton later had to agree that Amy resemblance between family relatives could be a result of both genes and shared environment
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5
Q

What do genes carry?

A

Instructions for characteristics such as personality, iq etc.

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6
Q

What is the concordance rate between Monozygotic twins?

A

100%

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7
Q

What is the concordance rate between Dizygotic twins?

A

50%

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8
Q

Fact which supports genetics having a much greater influence on intelligence than environment (Bouchard’s twin research)?

A

Identical twins reared apart have a much higher concordance rate (72%) than ordinary siblings reared together (47%) suggesting that genetics have a much greater influence on intelligence than environment

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9
Q

Fact which supports environment having a limited effect on intelligence (Bouchard’s twin research)?

A

There is not a great deal of difference between the concordance rates of identical twins reared together (86%) and identical twins reared apart (72%), suggesting that environment has a limited effect on intelligence

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10
Q

What can destruction or degeneration of brain cells result in?

A

Possible behaviour changes

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11
Q

What does the frontal lobe take part in?

A

Parts of speech, reasoning, controlling facial expressions and emotions

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12
Q

Summarise the Cerebral Cortex

A

The outer layer, composed of folded grey matter and playing an important role in consciousness

It is responsible for many higher order functions such as thinking and language

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13
Q

Frontal lobe is responsible for…

A

Thinking, memory, behaviour and movement

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14
Q

Parietal lobe is responsible for…

A

Language and touch

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15
Q

Temporal lobe is responsible for…

A

Hearing, learning and feelings

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16
Q

Occipital lobe is responsible for…

A

Sight

17
Q

Brain stem is responsible for…

A

Breathing, heart rate and temperature

18
Q

Cerebellum is responsible for…

A

Balance and coordination

19
Q

Who was Phineas Gage?

A
  • He survived an accident in which a large iron rode went through his brain
  • Although he survived his personality changed from being socialable to being hostile
20
Q

How did Phineas’ behaviour change?

A

He became antisocial, bad mannered and had a tendency to be violent.

21
Q

What is a genotype?

A
  • The genetic make up
  • The genetic code written in the DNA of our cells
22
Q

Can the genotype be influenced by environmental factors?

A

Yes

For instance, identical adult twins often look slightly different because one has exercised more

23
Q

What is a Phenotype?

A
  • An individual’s physical appearance from the inherited genotype but involves interaction of environment.
  • A phenotype is the way that genes are expressed through physical, behavioural and psychological characteristics
24
Q

Phenotype equation

A

Genotype + environment = phenotype

25
Q

What is Monozygotic?

A

One zygote – these twins are formed when a fertilised cell splits into two and forms two separate embryos

26
Q

What is Dizygotic?

A

Two zygotes – these twins are formed when two separate eggs both become fertilised by different sperm cells

27
Q

What is Evolution?

A

The changes in inherited characteristics in a biological population over successive generations.

28
Q

What was Charles Darwin’s two main concepts?

A
  • Natural selection
  • Sexual selection

Psychology: Approaches in Psychology (7 decks)

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