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Neurology > The Basic Anatomy & Functioning of the Peripheral Nervous System > Flashcards

The Basic Anatomy & Functioning of the Peripheral Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Which type of neurone (no. of poles) is most common in the ANS and motor nervous system?

A

Multipolar

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2
Q

Which type of neurone (no. of poles) is most common in the sensory nervous system?

A

Unipolar (or pseudounipolar)

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3
Q

How many tracts are in the motor pathway?

A

2: Lower Motor Neurone (LMN) and Upper Motor Neurone (UMN)

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4
Q

How many tracts are in the sensory pathway?

A

3: 1st Order neurone, 2nd order neurone, 3rd order neurone.

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5
Q

What is the name for a group of nerve cell bodies in the CNS?

A

Nucleus

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6
Q

What is the name for a group of nerve cell bodies in the PNS?

A

Ganglion

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7
Q

What is the name for a bundle of axons in the CNS?

A

A tract (usually single modality)

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8
Q

What is the name for a bundle of axons in the pNS?

A

A nerve (often mixed)

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9
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31

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10
Q

Where can spinal nerves be found?

A

Intervertebral foramina

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11
Q

What kind of information is carried in the posterior roots and rootlets?

A

Sensory (towards cord)

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12
Q

What kind of information is carried in the anterior roots and rootlets?

A

Motor (away from cord)

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13
Q

What location does the smaller posterior rami serve?

A

Posterior body wall

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14
Q

What location does the larger anterior rami serve?

A

Anterolateral body wall

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15
Q

What information travels in the Spinothalamic Tract (STT)?

A

Sensory (afferent)

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16
Q

What information travels in the Corticospinal Tract (CST)

A

Motor (efferent)

17
Q

Where do tracts decussate (cross) in the STT?

A

They crossover in the spinal cord, usually 1-2 spinal nerve segments above their point of entry. The second order neurone travels to the thalamus and synapses with a 3rd order neurone.

18
Q

Where do tracts decussate (cross) in the CST?

A

Around 90% of the tract decussates in the medulla, forming the lateral corticospinal tract. The remaining 20% form the ventral corticospinal tract and cross at the appropriate spinal level

19
Q

Which spinal nerve corresponds to dermatome covering the male nipple?

A

T4

20
Q

Which spinal nerve corresponds to the dermatome covering the umbilicus?

A

T10

21
Q

Which spinal nerves correspond to the upper limb dermatomes?

A

C5-T1

22
Q

Which spinal nerves correspond to the lower limb dermatomes?

A

L2-Co1

23
Q

What is a plexus?

A

A network of intertwined anterior rami.

24
Q

What are the roots of the cervical plexus?

A

C1-C4

25
Q

What are the roots of the brachial plexus?

A

C5-T1

26
Q

What are the roots of the lumbar plexus?

A

L1-L4

27
Q

What are the roots of the sacral plexus?

A

L5-S4

28
Q

What is a dermatome?

A

The area of skin supplied by the anterior and posterior rami of a specific spinal nerve.

29
Q

What is a myotome?

A

The skeletal muscles supplied with motor innervation by both the anterior and posterior rami of a specific spinal nerve.

NB - dos not always correspond to dermatome (e.g. diaphragm)

30
Q

Sympathetic outflow occurs at which spinal levels?

A

T1-L2 into sympathetic chains (paravertebral ganglion)

31
Q

How do sympathetic nerves reach the body wall?

A

They pass into all spinal nerves from anterior rootlets and then synapse in the paravertebral ganglion.

32
Q

How do sympathetic nerves reach the organs?

A

They hitch a ride with arteries to all head an neck organs.

33
Q

What is different about sympathetic outflow to the abdominopelvic organs?

A

Axons synapse in the pre vertebral ganglia (beyond sympathetic trunk). All the others synapse in the paravertebral ganglia (within sympathetic trunk)

34
Q

What is different about sympathetic innervation to the adrenal glands?

A

Axons synapse directly onto the organ.

35
Q

How do parasympathetic nerves reach the organs?

NB - no parasympathetic supply to body wall

A

CN III, VII, IX, X and sacral spinal nerves.

36
Q

What is different about the Vagus nerve (CN X) and the sacral spinal nerves?

A

These synapse in ganglia on or very close to the organs themselves. The others synapse in ganglia distant to their target organs e.g. ciliary ganglion

Neurology (15 decks)

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