Overview of the Nervous System Flashcards
What are the primary vesicles in the embryonic development of the neural tube?
Prosencephalon, Mesencephalon & Rhombencephalon?
What secondary vesicles do these develop into?
Prosencephalon –> Telencephalon & Diencephalon
Mesencephalon stays as a single swelling
Rhombencephalon –> Metencephalon & Myelencephalon
What do the secondary vesicles eventually develop into?
Telencephalon - Cerebral hemispheres Diencephalon - Thalamus & hypothalamus Mesencephalon - midbrain Mesencephalon - Pons, cerebellum Myelencephalon - Medualla oblongata
What 3 structures form the ‘brainstem’
The midbrain, pons and medulla.
Which glial cell is responsible for support, maintaining the BBB and environmental homeostasis?
Astrocyte
Which glial cell is responsible for myelination in the CNS?
Oligodendrocyte
Which glial cell is responsible for myelination in the PNS
Schwann Cell
What is a glial cell?
A support cell of the nervous system. They support neurones through various jobs e.g. homeostasis, immune defence, myelination.
What are microglia?
Cells similar to macrophages responsible for immune monitoring and antigen presentation in CNS.
What are ependymal cells?
They are ciliated, cuboidal/columnar epithelial cells which line the ventricles and produce CSF.
What are gyri? (Sing: Gyrus)
The raised ridges between two clefts on the surface of the brain (the hills)
What are sulci? (Sing: Sulcus)
The clefts between two folds in the brain (the valleys)
What are folia?
The equivalent to a gyrus on the hemispheres but on the cerebellum.
What composes the Grey Matter?
Hugh numbers of neurone, cell processes, synapses and support cells.
What composes the White Matter?
Myelinated axons. The phospholipid component gives it the white appearance.
How is Grey/White matter arranged in the brain?
Grey on the outside, white on the inside.
Specks of grey within the white
How is Grey/White matter arranged in the spinal cord?
White on the outside, grey on the inside.
What are the areas of grey matter in the spinal cord?
Anterior (ventral) horn and posterior (dorsal) horn
What are the areas of white matter in the spinal cord?
Posterior, lateral and anterior columns.
What are the 3 components of the brainstem?
Midbrain, pons and medulla.
Which area is a point of contact, but not communication, between the two thalami?
Inter thalamic Adhesion
Which lobe of the brain is not visible from the outside?
Insular lobe
What are the 3 meningeal layers from superficial to deep?
Dura mater, Arachnoid mater (subarachnoid space and CSF), Pia mater
How to the lateral ventricles connect to the 3rd ventricle?
Interventricular foramen of Munro
What are the two main components of the Enteric Nervous System?
Myenteric plexus and submucosal plexus
