The Back Flashcards
What are the two major parts of an intervertebral disc?
Nucleus Pulposus and Anulus fibrosis
What is a herniated disc?
A rupture or tear in the annulus fibrosis, where the nucleus pulposus leaks out in the posterolateral direction
Where does the anterior longitudinal ligament attach to? ( Single broad, flat)
Anterior surface of the bodies and intervertebral discs of the vertebral column
Where does the posterior longitudinal ligament attach to? (single narrow ligament)
attaches to the anterior wall of the vertebral canal, lies on the posterior wall of the bodies of the vertebrae
What is the ligamentum flavum?
multiple elastic/ yellow ligament that attaches to the laminae of opposing vertebrae ( attach to posterior surface of inferior lamina to anterior surface of superior lamina)
What is the ligamentum nuchae?
elastic/yellow ligament attaches to the spinous processes of the cervical and external occipital protuberance ( broad sheet posteriorly in the midline of the neck)
What are the superficial muscles?
Trapezius, latissimus dorsi, (rhomboideus major and minor, levator scapulae lie deep to trapezius) movement of upper limb
What are the intermediate muscles?
Serratus posterior superior located deep to rhomboideus muscles, serratus posterior inferior located deep to latissimus dorsi ( respiratory function)
What are the deep muscles?
Erector spinae and transversospinalis (most deep), transversospinalis lie between the ipsilateral transverse and spinous process of vertebrae
What are the surface anatomy of the back?
vertebra prominens (C7), thoracic spinous processes (between spinous processes), sacral triangle ( flat triangular area over sacrum located at S3)
Where does the medulla Oblongata terminate?
terminates at foramen magnum continuous with the spinal cord
Where does the spinal cord terminate?
Conus medullaris ( conical shaped at L1/L2)
What is the Cauda Equina?
Collection of nerve rootlets located in the vertebral canal, extends from Conus medullaris to S2
Blood supply of the spinal cord?
Anterior spinal artery ( origin in cranial cavity union of two vessels of vertebral arteries anterio longitudinal fissure)
Posterior spinal arteries ( origin in cranial cavity, from terminal branch of the vertebral arteries)
What does the Pia mater attach to?
Attaches to the spinal cord and spinal cord nerve roots extend into each intervertebral foramen
What is the Filum Terminale
thin central fibrous strand of the pia mater that extends from the conus medullaris of spinal cord to coccyx
What are the denticulate ligaments?
two in number, elongated band extends from the foramen magnum to L1 21 tooth like extensions of pia mater
What does the dura and arachnoid mater cover?
surronds spinal nerve roots and bodies as they pass through the intervertebral foramina
What does the subarachnoid space?
CSF, spinal cord blood vessels
What is the lumbar cistern
Most dilated portion of the subarachnoid space?
What does the Caudal sac contain?
wall formed by pia and acrachnoid matr contains cauda equine, filum terminale and CSF this sac terminates at S2
What is the difference between the dural and caudal sac?
Dural sac refers to dural structure surrounding the spinal cord
Contents of Cervical vertebral canal?
Posterior longitudinal ligament Epidural space Internal vertebral venous plexus Dura mater and pia mater subdural space arachnoid and subarachnoid spinal blood vessels
How many spinal blood vessels are there?
1 anterior spinal vein and 1 posterior spinal vein
Contents of intervertebral foramen?
Posterior root of the spinal nerve Dorsal root/ spinal ganglion Anterior root of the spinal nerve Meninges Periradicular recess ( narrow portion of subarachnoid space surronds dorsal root ganglion and nerve roots)
what are the rami of the spinal nerve?
Posterior ramus of the spinal nerve ( smallest branch of the body of the spinal nerve)
Anterior ramus of spinal nerve ( largest branch of the body of the spinal nerve)
