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Anatomical sciences > The Axilla and shoulder girdle > Flashcards

The Axilla and shoulder girdle Flashcards

1
Q

where is the sternoclavicular joint

A

sternum and clavicle

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2
Q

where is the acromioclavicular joint

A

between clavicle and scapular

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3
Q

where is the glenohumeral joint

A

between humorous and scapula

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4
Q

palpable

A

felt through the skin

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5
Q

scapular structure

A

large
flat
triangular shape
overlays the ribs (2-7 on posterior lateral aspect of the thorax)

dorsal = spine of the scapula = shelf like , thick , ridge of bone
costal = fewer features - one large fossa, carxocid process - attach many ligaments

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6
Q

glenoid cavity

A

socket between scapula and humerous

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7
Q

acromion

A

peak of the shoulder

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8
Q

clavicle structure

A

s shaped contro
convex medially
concave laterally
almost flat near acronym
medial more bulky
conoid tubercle - site of important ligament attachment

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9
Q

humerus

A

longest bone in upper limb
ball of ball and socket - glint humorous joint
rotator cuff muscles
lesser tubule - subsoil pillars attaches
greater tubule - 3 facets - 3 rotator cuff muscles attach
super stuanuss, infer stunassus and Teres minor

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10
Q

anatomical and surgical neck of humerus

A

Anatomical neck = region that is directly adjacent to the head
Surgical neck = lower down = point at which humerus commonly fractures

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11
Q

3 parts of sternum

A

mandibrium
body
xiphoid sterum

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11
Q

3 parts of sternum

A

mandibrium
body
xiphoid process

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12
Q

common clinical features

A

clavicle break - weak point at the junction of 2 curves
proximal humero=us fracture - surgical neck - elderly osteoporosis

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13
Q

ligament

A

bone to bone

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14
Q

tendon

A

connect muscle to bone

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15
Q

what is the shoulder girdle

A

region of the body where out upper limbs connect to the trunk

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16
Q

what does the shoulder girdle consist of

A

clavicle and scapula

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17
Q

palpable parts of shoulder girdle

A

the prominances of the scapula
- the acromion (the peak of the scapula
- the croacoid process of the scapula
- the protrusions of the humerus on the anterior side

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18
Q

area above the spine of the scapula

A

supra spina fossa

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19
Q

area below the spine of the scapula

A

infraspina fossa

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20
Q

coracoid process

A

site for attatchment of ligaments

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21
Q

greater and lesser tubercles

A

site of rotator cuff muscles

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22
Q

what muscle attach at the greater tubercle

A

3 rotator cuff muscles
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor

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23
Q

which joints are synovial joints

A

sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joint

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24
3 specific regions are involved in the steroclavicular joint
medial end of the clavicle, the clavicular notch, manubrium region of the sternum
25
what is a synovial joint
synovial fluid filled cavity surrounded by fibrous connective tissue capsule
26
3 main ligaments in the sternoclavicular joint
costoclavicular, interclavicular and the sternoclavicular ligaments give strength and allows movement
27
where is costoclavicular ligament
runs between the costal cartilage and inferior surface of the clavical
28
where is interclavicular ligament
unites 2 medial ends of the clavicals and some attacine to superior surface of the manubrium
29
where is the sternoclavicular ligament
Sternoclavicular ligament - between sternum and clavica
30
3 ligaments in the acromioclavicular joint
acromioclavicular ligament caracoclavicular (2 parts = trapezoid and conoid ligaments) corcocromial ligament
31
why is the glenohumeral joint unstable
because the ball is bigger than the socket to allow for wide range of movement ball and socket - synovial joint
32
what provides support for the glenohumeral joint
-glenoid labrum - cartilaginous ring that increase the depth of the glenoid - ligaments - support from rotatory cuff muscles - tendon from the supra glenoid cavity - maintains its position.
33
glenoid cavity of the scapula
shallow allows for wide range of motion unstable joint
34
glenoid labrum
cartilaginous ring increases depth of the glenoid stabilises joint
35
supra globoid tubercle
dissection of the scapula - runs through the joint in a groove between the greater and lesser cubicle of the humerus = maintain the position - stabilises the head of the humerus within the glenoid - particularly during certain movements - abduction of shoulder joints
36
common clinical dislocations
the glenohumeral joint in the shoulder - by a blow to an abducted, externally rotated and extended arm or violent muscle movements can dislocate ant/pos/inf
37
joint replacement
parts of damaged joint are removed and replaced with metal, plastic or ceramic device total or hemi-arthroplasty or reverse total shoulder replacement
38
3 main muscle groups of the shoulder girdle
- anterior axis appendicular - posterior axis appendicular - scapulohumeral
39
anterior axis appendicular
(connect upper limb and thoracic wall)
40
- posterior axis appendicular
(connect upper limb and vertical column)
41
- scapulohumeral
(connect scapula and humerus)
42
what are the 4 anterior axioappendicular muscle
pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, subclavius, serratus anterior
43
pectorals major muscle
thick fan shaped muscle wide range of surfaces sternal half of clavicle anterior half of sternum flexion abduction internal rotation
44
pectoralis minor
thin triangular muscle from ribs 3,4,5 insets into caracoid process of scapula moving scapular - protraction and depression
45
subclavian muscle
small muscle between 1st rib and clavicle stables the sternaclavicular joint
46
serratus anterior muscle
rib 1-9 muscle fibres run posteriorly around posterior wall insert on dial border of the costal surface of the scapula deep costal surface of the scapula in contact with thoracic wall
47
4 muscles of the anterior axis appendicular muscle
pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, subclavius, serratus anterior
48
What are the 5 muscles of the posterior axioappendicular muscles?
trapezius, latissiumus dorsi, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, levator scapulee
49
trapezius
large triangular muscle originates from wide number of surfaces occipital bone of the skull and vertebra in your neck and thorax clavicle acronym of the scapula and spin elf the scapula moving neck and stabilising scapula
50
latissisumus dorsi
large muscle overlying the lumbar and lower thoracic region originates from vertebra in thoracic and lumbar region insert into groove of humerus - adduction, extension, internal rotation of the humerus
51
where do the rhobboid major, minor and levator scapulae muscle originate and insert into
originate from different vertebra and insert into medial scapula
52
what are the 6 scapulohumeral muscle
deltoid teres major supraspinatus infraspinatus subscapularis teres minor
53
which 4 of the scapulohumeral muscles are rotator cuff muscle
supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis.
54
strutcure and function of deltoid
thick Curved Triangular originates from chromium and scapular spine Inserts about midway down the shaft of the humerus Tubercle - deltoid tubercle - where the muscle inserts Deltoid involved in a range of motion - abduction of upper limb, flextion, extension and rotation
55
structure and function of teres major
Thick Flat Dorsal scapula to the humerus Extension and medial rotation
56
function of rotator cuff muscles
maintain stability of shoulder joint
57
function of subscapularis muscle
medial rotation of humerus
58
function of supraspinatus muscle
initiates abduction of arm
59
function of infraspinatus muscle
lateral rotation of humerus
60
types of toattroy cuff tears
intrinsic, extrinsic, complete, incomplete, full thickness, partial thickness
61
intrinsic rotator cuff tear
degeneration , subnormal collagen fibres, hypovascularity age, collagen problem, reduction in blood supply
62
extrinsic rotator cuff tears
impingement, tensile overload (acute vs repetitive) inflmmation mechanical pressure
63
how does a rotator cuff tear occur
traumatic injury or excessive activity of the muscle
64
symptoms of rotator cuff tears
pain, weakness, ADL difficulties
65
what happens in frozen shoulder (adhesive capsulitis)
capsule and ligament of glenohumeral joint become inflamed pain in shoulder stiffen external roation affected
66
who is more likley to ave frozen shoulder
females 40-60 certain underlying conditions - diabetes, cardiovascular , thyroid
67
stages of frozen shoulder
freezing frozen thawing = improvement over time
68
difference between rotator cuff tear and frozen shoulder
the doctor is not able to move a frozen shoulder, whereas they are with a rotator cuff tear
69
function of cervicoaxillary canal
allows neurovascular structures to pass between the neck and upper limb
70
anterior wall of axilla
pectoralis major and minor muscles subclavian muscles clavipectoral fascia
71
lateral wall of the axilla
inter tubercular sulcus
72
medial wall of the axilla
upper thoracic wall serratus anterior muscle
73
posterior wall of the axilla
subscapularis trees major latissimus dorsi long head of triceps brachii muscle
74
inlet of axilla
lateral margin f rib 1 clavicle superior margin of scapula to carload process
75
floor of axilla
skin of armpit opens laterally into arm
76
what artery is the main blood supply to the upper limb
brachial artery
77
3 main regions of axillary artery
Based on position of the artery in relation to the pectoralis minor muscle 1. Proximal to pectoralis minor 2. Posterior to muscle 3. Diastal to muscle
78
what are the 2 veins that drain the arm
cephalic vein catholic vein
79
where is cephalic vein
point of entering the axilla
80
where is the catholic vein
rubs between the deltoid muscle and pectorals major
81
when does the axillary vein become the subclavian vein and what is its function?
At the point of leaving the axilla to the first rib - travels to return blood to the heart
82
lymphatic drainage system of the axilla
all lymph drains into the apical nodes of the axilla, then into the subclavian trunk, before draining back into the venous supply
83
axilla lymph system parts
axillary lymph node, axillary artery, apical axillary node, pectoralis minor, supraclavicular node, pectoralis major, thoracic nodes, breast tissue.
84
what is lymphoedema
abnormal accumulation of lymph which cause localised swelling women treated for breast cancer - at risk disruption of lay-tic system (by surgery or radiotherapy)
85
winged scapula
most commonly caused by damage to long thoracic nerve inverted serratus anterior muscle keeps medial border at inferior angle of the scapula opposed to the thoracic wall

Anatomical sciences (12 decks)

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