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Anatomical sciences > Eye > Flashcards

Eye Flashcards

1
Q

how may extra ocular muscle

A

6

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2
Q

3 pupil movements

A

movement of pupil after muscle action
movement of pupil during testing muscle action
position of pupil after nerve paralysis

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3
Q

name 6 extra ocular muscle

A

superior rectus
superior oblique
median rectus
inferior oblique
inferior rectus
lateral rectus

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4
Q

2 axis and walls of orbital cavity orientation

A

medial vs lateral walls
axis of orbit vs axis of eyeball

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5
Q

basic shape of orbit

A

pyramid

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6
Q

3 axis of movement of the eye

A

horizontal
vertical
torsion

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7
Q

3 movements of the eye

A

elevation/depression
abduction / adduction
intorsion / extorsion

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8
Q

intorsion

A

the top of the eye moving towards the nose

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9
Q

extorsion

A

the superior aspect of the eye moving away from the nose

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10
Q

vertical axis

A

left and right

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11
Q

horizontal axis

A

up and down

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12
Q

torsion axis

A

towards and away from the nose

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13
Q

intorsion and extortion

A

intorsion = medial rotation, incyclotorsion
extorsion = lateral rotation. excyclotorsion

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14
Q

abduction and adduction of the eye

A

abduction = away from the nose
adduction = towards the nose

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15
Q

elevation and depression

A

elevation = up
depression = down

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16
Q

what direction would pupil face if lateral rectus contracts

A

Abduction

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17
Q

what direction would the pupil face if the superior rectus contracts

A

Elevation, incyclotorsion, adduction

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18
Q

what direction would the pupil face if the inferior oblique contracts

A

excyclotorsion, elevation, abduction

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19
Q

what direction would the pupil face if the superior oblique contracts

A

incyclotorsion, depression, abduction

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20
Q

where is the inferior oblique muscle positioned

A

starts on the floor of the cavity and then wraps around the eyeball

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21
Q

where is the superior oblique positioned

A

starts on the back and runs along the medial wall

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22
Q

what happens to the pupil when the medial rectur contracts

A

adduction

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23
Q

what happens to the pupil when the inferior rector contracts

A

depression
excyclotorsion
adduction

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24
Q

procedure of a squint or strabismus surgical correction

A

detach section of eye muscle is removed
muscle is moved back or brought forward

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25
movement of pupil during testing the muscle action
testing for the presence of extra ocular muscle is different from their actions
26
test for superior rectus
look laterally and up
27
test for inferior rectus
look laterally and down
28
test for lateral rectus
look laterally
29
test for medial rectus
look medially
30
test for inferior oblique
look medially and upward
31
test for superior oblique
look medially and downward
32
what nerve innervated the lateral rectus
abducent nerve (VI)
33
what nerve innervated the superior oblique
trochlear nerve (IV)
34
what nerve innervates the medial rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique
oculomotor nerve (III)
35
how can you work out what muscle has been paralysed
position of the pupil by the position of the pupil - the movement that is missing is the muscle that has lost innervation.
36
3 eyeball layers
1. fibrous layer 2. vascular layer 3. inner layer
37
what parts of the eye are in the fibrous layer
sclera and cornea
38
look and function of the sclera
white maintains shape of the eyeball
39
what is the limbus junction
the point where the translucent sclera (anterior) meets the white sclera
40
what is the lamina cribrosa
a defect that allows entry of the optic nerve bulges raised intracranial pressure
41
why is the sclera translucent
allows light to come in
42
what does the cornea look like
transparent
43
what is the sclera covered by
conjunctiva
44
what is the palpebral fissure
open space between eyelids
45
what are the lateral and medial commissures
the medial end of the eyelids and the lateral end of the eyelids
46
what is the scleral buckle
procedure used for retinal detachment if the scleral is bigger than it should be
47
what is scleral icterus and how is it caused
yellow eyes hepatic failure and jaundice build up of bilirubin (fibrous layer) chemical build up - liver failure
48
what is the tissue that lines the inside of the eyelids and covers the sclera
conjunctiva highly vascular
49
what is bloodshot/red eyes
blood vessels on sclera dilate = blood vessels become visible inflammation
50
what does the cornea do
allows light to pass through 60% of the optical refractive power
51
what are some conditions of the cornea
corneal abrasion keratoconus
52
keratoconus
thinning and pointing of the cornea affects refraction ability and tends to have double / triple
53
what is Fuchs endothelial dystrophy
inherited condition progressive visual blurring cornea dehydration important inner cornea the endothelium pumps fluid from cornea to aq humour endothelial cells do not replicate water left in cornea = cloudy number of cells shifting electrolytes and water diminish over time
54
eye used in forensics
longer dead = cloudier eyes = more water stuck in cornea
55
what is the vascular layer composed of
choroid ciliary body iris
56
iris
coloured part of the eye
57
where is the ciliary body located
ciliary muscle ring around the line between iris and choroid
58
nerve supply of the ciliary muscle
oculomotor nerve (CN3)
59
action of the ciliary muscle
looking at something nearby = ciliary muscle contracts = ligaments (zonular fibres) relax = greater focusing looking at something far away = ciliary muscle relax = more tension in suspension (zonular fibres) ligaments = flatter/longer shape
60
cataract surgery
the inside of the diseased lens is scooped out using phacoemulsification (Ultrasound) replaces with new lens
61
parasympathetic action of iris muscle
parasympathetic stimulation causes circular muscle to contract pupil gets smaller
62
sympathetic action of the iris
sympathetic stimulation causes radial muscle to contract pupil widens
63
dual innervation of the iris
parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation
64
what is Horners syndrome
pre or post ganglionic sympathetic Nerone damage causes mitosis ( constricted pupil)
65
hoe do drugs for dilating pupils work
- mydriatic medications - tropic amide and atropine (parasympathetic antagonist) - give the opthalmogist a better view of the retina and optic nerve - contracts the radial pupil smooth muscle - makes pupil bigger
66
where do axons exit the eyeball
optic disc
67
optic disc
blind spot void of rods and cones
68
macula
sits behind the lens an area of retina with high cone density
69
parafovea
a region in the retina that circumscribes the parafovea and fovea and is a part of the macula lutea.
70
fovea centralis
small depression minimised bouncing of light
71
ora serratus
most anterior limit of the retina
72
when examining a patient using lighted ophthalmoscope where is the macula and optic disc
macula = dead centre optic disc =right edge
73
rods detect
black and white / shades
74
cones detect
colour
75
optic nerve diamater
4mm
76
age related macular degeneration is
centre vision becomes blurry and eventually black
77
retinitis pigments
damage on the periphery centre bit only
78
fluids in the eye
aqueous humour (anterior) vitreous humour (posterior)
79
vitreous humour
hyaloid canal embryological remnant hyaloid canal jelly like substance
80
what are eye floaters
pieces of vitreous humour that had broken off colourless - worms or hair tiliting head - move out the way surgery = vitrectomy procedure
81
aqueous humour
high turn over fluid in posterior chamber travels anteriorly between lens and iris build up of aqueous humour causes glaucoma
82
glaucoma
build up of pressure insufficient drainage of canals of schlep then veins iridocorneal angle could narrow
83
treatment of glaucoma
drugs improving the Flow at the canal of schelm (drugs similar to prostaglandins) decreasing aq humour production (beta adrenergic receptor antagonists) vasoconstriction of arteries of the ciliary body (epinephrine) insertion of glaucoma drainage implants
84
function of hyaloid canal
passage of the vitreous humour

Anatomical sciences (12 decks)

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