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A&P Module 3 > The Axial Skeleton > Flashcards

The Axial Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q
  • The Skull
A
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2
Q

The cranium is composed of

A

8 flat bones

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3
Q

Frontal bones are

A

unpaired

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4
Q

Frontal ones join the

A

parietal bones at the coronal suture

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5
Q

Parietal bones are

A

paired

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6
Q

parietal bones meet in

A

the midline at the sagittal suture

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7
Q

Temporal bones are

A

paired

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8
Q

Temporal bones join the

A

parietal bones at the squamosal suture

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9
Q

Occipital bones are

A

unpaired

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10
Q

Occipital bones join the

A

parietal bones at the lambdoidal suture

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11
Q

the sphenoid bone is

A

unpaired

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12
Q

the ethmoid bone is

A

unpaired

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13
Q
  • Bones of the skull
A
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14
Q

Temporal bones

A
  • External Acoustic Meatus
  • Styloid process
  • Zygomatic process
  • Mastoid Process
  • Jugular Foramen
  • Internal acoustic meatus
  • Carotid Canal
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15
Q

External acoustic meatus

A

canal leading to the ear drum

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16
Q

styloid process

A

sharp needle like projection for attachment of neck muscles

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17
Q

zygomatic process

A

thin bridge of bone that join the zygomatic bone anteriorly

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18
Q

mastoid process

A

contains mastoid sinus. It is so close to the middle ear and the brain
- Attachment site for some neck muscles

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19
Q

jugular foramen

A

at the junction for the occipital and temporal bones, allow passage of the jugular vein

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20
Q

internal acoustic meatus

A

transmits cranial nerves 7 & 8

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21
Q

carotid canal

A

through which the internal carotid artery runs

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22
Q

Sphenoid bone

A

butterfly shaped, forms the floor of the cranial cavity
- contains sphenoid sinus

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23
Q

Sella Turcica

A

a small depression in the midline forms a snug enclosure for the all important pituitary gland, the master gland of the endocrine system

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24
Q

foramen ovale

A

large opening allow passage of CN 5

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25
Q

Two opening that forms part of the orbital cavity

A
  • optic canal
  • superior orbital fissure
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26
Q

optic canal

A

allows optic nerve to pass

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27
Q

superior orbital fissure

A

allows passage of CN 3, 4, and 6

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28
Q

Crista Galli

A

a central projection from its superior surface
- outermost covering of the brain (dura mater) attaches to this

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29
Q

Cribriform plates

A

many small holes on either side of the crista galli allow nerve fibers carrying olfactory impulses from the nose to the brain

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30
Q

superior and middle nasal concahe

A

extensions of the ethmoid bone, form the lateral walls of the nasal cavity

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31
Q
  • Facial Bones
A
32
Q

How many facial bones are there

A

14

33
Q

how many facial bones are paired

A

12

34
Q

what are the facial bones that are paired

A
  • maxillae
  • palantine
  • zygomatic
  • lacrimal
  • nasal
  • inferior nasal conchae
35
Q

how many facial bones are unpaired

A

2

36
Q

what are the facial bones that are unpaired

A
  • mandible
  • vomer
37
Q
  • the fetal skull
A
38
Q

The fetal skull is ___ of the body length compared to adult skull which is ___

A
  • 1/4th
  • 1/8th
39
Q

fontanels

A

fibrous membranes connecting the cranial bones

40
Q

fetal skull purpose

A
  • allows skull compression during birth
  • allow the brain to grow during later pregnancy and infancy
  • convert to bone within 12 to 24 months after birth
41
Q
  • The bony Thorax
A
42
Q

what are the 3 parts of the bony thorax

A
  • sternum
  • ribs
  • thoracic vertebrae
43
Q

parts of the Sternum

A
  • manubrium sterni
  • body
  • xyphoid process
44
Q

what are the 3 land marks of the sternum

A
  • Jugular notch
  • sternal angle
  • xiphisternal joint
45
Q

What are the 3 types of ribs

A
  • true ribs
  • false ribs
  • floating ribs
46
Q

true ribs
(vertebrosternal)

A
  • pairs 1-7
  • connected posteriorly to the vertebra and anteriorly to the sternum
47
Q

false ribs
(vertebrochondral)

A

pairs 8-10
- connected posteriorly to the vertebra and anteriorly to the cartilage of the previous rib

48
Q

floating ribs
(vertebral)

A

pairs 11-12
- connected only posteriorly to vertebra, no anterior attachment

49
Q

The vertebral column has a stack of

A

26 vertebral bones separated by intervertebral discs

50
Q

how many cervical vertebrae are in the neck

A

7

51
Q

how many thoracic vertebrae are in the chest region

A

12

52
Q

how many lumbar vertebrae are associated with the lower pack

A

5

53
Q

Nine vertebrae fuse to form two composite bones known as

A
  • sacrum
  • coccyx
54
Q

sacrum

A

fusion of 5 vertebrae

55
Q

coccyc

A

fusion of 4 vertebrae

56
Q

primary curvatures

A

the spinal curvatures of the thoracic and sacral regions

57
Q

secondary curvatures

A

the spinal curvatures of the cervical and lumbar regions

58
Q
  • abnormal curvatures of the spine
A
59
Q

Kyphosis

A

an exaggerated posterior curvature of the spine usually in thoracic region
- also known as hunchback

60
Q

Lordosis

A

an exaggerated anterior curvature of the spine usually in the lumbar region
- also known as sway back

61
Q

scoliosis

A

abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

62
Q

two types of scoliosis

A
  • congenital
  • acquired
63
Q

congenital scoliosis

A

resulting from one leg being longer than the other

64
Q

acquired scoliosis

A

resulting from chronic poor posture during childhood while the vertebrae are still growing

65
Q

The 1st cervical vertebra is known as

A

Atlas

66
Q

The second cervical vertebra is known as

A

Axis

67
Q

A protuberance of the axis is known as the

A

odontoid process or dens

68
Q

the atlantoaxial joint between the atlas and axis is a

A

pivot type of joint

69
Q

Large, triangular vertebral foramen

A

since the spinal chord is so large here, the vertebral foramen must also be large to accommodate it

70
Q

Transverse process with foramen transversarium

A

its function is to allow the passage of the vertebral artery, accompanying vertebral veins

71
Q

the vertebral arch is composed of the

A

peduncles posteriorly and the laminae anteriorly

72
Q

the vertebral arch encloses the

A

posterior vertebral foramen and protects the spinal chord

73
Q

spina bifida

A

the laminae of the vertebra fail to unite during development and the vertebral arch remains incomplete

74
Q

each disc is composed of

A

annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus

75
Q

annulus fibrosus

A

tough outer layer of fibrocartilage

76
Q

nucleus pulposus

A

an elastic central mass

77
Q

ruptured or herniated disc

A

may cause back pain and numbness or loss of muscular function in the parts innervated by the affected spinal nerve

A&P Module 3 (7 decks)

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