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A&P Module 3 > The Axial Skeleton > Flashcards

The Axial Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q
  • The Skull
A
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2
Q

The cranium is composed of

A

8 flat bones

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3
Q

Frontal bones are

A

unpaired

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4
Q

Frontal ones join the

A

parietal bones at the coronal suture

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5
Q

Parietal bones are

A

paired

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6
Q

parietal bones meet in

A

the midline at the sagittal suture

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7
Q

Temporal bones are

A

paired

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8
Q

Temporal bones join the

A

parietal bones at the squamosal suture

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9
Q

Occipital bones are

A

unpaired

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10
Q

Occipital bones join the

A

parietal bones at the lambdoidal suture

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11
Q

the sphenoid bone is

A

unpaired

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12
Q

the ethmoid bone is

A

unpaired

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13
Q
  • Bones of the skull
A
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14
Q

Temporal bones

A
  • External Acoustic Meatus
  • Styloid process
  • Zygomatic process
  • Mastoid Process
  • Jugular Foramen
  • Internal acoustic meatus
  • Carotid Canal
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15
Q

External acoustic meatus

A

canal leading to the ear drum

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16
Q

styloid process

A

sharp needle like projection for attachment of neck muscles

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17
Q

zygomatic process

A

thin bridge of bone that join the zygomatic bone anteriorly

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18
Q

mastoid process

A

contains mastoid sinus. It is so close to the middle ear and the brain
- Attachment site for some neck muscles

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19
Q

jugular foramen

A

at the junction for the occipital and temporal bones, allow passage of the jugular vein

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20
Q

internal acoustic meatus

A

transmits cranial nerves 7 & 8

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21
Q

carotid canal

A

through which the internal carotid artery runs

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22
Q

Sphenoid bone

A

butterfly shaped, forms the floor of the cranial cavity
- contains sphenoid sinus

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23
Q

Sella Turcica

A

a small depression in the midline forms a snug enclosure for the all important pituitary gland, the master gland of the endocrine system

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24
Q

foramen ovale

A

large opening allow passage of CN 5

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25
Two opening that forms part of the orbital cavity
- optic canal - superior orbital fissure
26
optic canal
allows optic nerve to pass
27
superior orbital fissure
allows passage of CN 3, 4, and 6
28
Crista Galli
a central projection from its superior surface - outermost covering of the brain (dura mater) attaches to this
29
Cribriform plates
many small holes on either side of the crista galli allow nerve fibers carrying olfactory impulses from the nose to the brain
30
superior and middle nasal concahe
extensions of the ethmoid bone, form the lateral walls of the nasal cavity
31
* Facial Bones
32
How many facial bones are there
14
33
how many facial bones are paired
12
34
what are the facial bones that are paired
- maxillae - palantine - zygomatic - lacrimal - nasal - inferior nasal conchae
35
how many facial bones are unpaired
2
36
what are the facial bones that are unpaired
- mandible - vomer
37
* the fetal skull
38
The fetal skull is ___ of the body length compared to adult skull which is ___
- 1/4th - 1/8th
39
fontanels
fibrous membranes connecting the cranial bones
40
fetal skull purpose
- allows skull compression during birth - allow the brain to grow during later pregnancy and infancy - convert to bone within 12 to 24 months after birth
41
* The bony Thorax
42
what are the 3 parts of the bony thorax
- sternum - ribs - thoracic vertebrae
43
parts of the Sternum
- manubrium sterni - body - xyphoid process
44
what are the 3 land marks of the sternum
- Jugular notch - sternal angle - xiphisternal joint
45
What are the 3 types of ribs
- true ribs - false ribs - floating ribs
46
true ribs (vertebrosternal)
- pairs 1-7 - connected posteriorly to the vertebra and anteriorly to the sternum
47
false ribs (vertebrochondral)
pairs 8-10 - connected posteriorly to the vertebra and anteriorly to the cartilage of the previous rib
48
floating ribs (vertebral)
pairs 11-12 - connected only posteriorly to vertebra, no anterior attachment
49
The vertebral column has a stack of
26 vertebral bones separated by intervertebral discs
50
how many cervical vertebrae are in the neck
7
51
how many thoracic vertebrae are in the chest region
12
52
how many lumbar vertebrae are associated with the lower pack
5
53
Nine vertebrae fuse to form two composite bones known as
- sacrum - coccyx
54
sacrum
fusion of 5 vertebrae
55
coccyc
fusion of 4 vertebrae
56
primary curvatures
the spinal curvatures of the thoracic and sacral regions
57
secondary curvatures
the spinal curvatures of the cervical and lumbar regions
58
* abnormal curvatures of the spine
59
Kyphosis
an exaggerated posterior curvature of the spine usually in thoracic region - also known as hunchback
60
Lordosis
an exaggerated anterior curvature of the spine usually in the lumbar region - also known as sway back
61
scoliosis
abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
62
two types of scoliosis
- congenital - acquired
63
congenital scoliosis
resulting from one leg being longer than the other
64
acquired scoliosis
resulting from chronic poor posture during childhood while the vertebrae are still growing
65
The 1st cervical vertebra is known as
Atlas
66
The second cervical vertebra is known as
Axis
67
A protuberance of the axis is known as the
odontoid process or dens
68
the atlantoaxial joint between the atlas and axis is a
pivot type of joint
69
Large, triangular vertebral foramen
since the spinal chord is so large here, the vertebral foramen must also be large to accommodate it
70
Transverse process with foramen transversarium
its function is to allow the passage of the vertebral artery, accompanying vertebral veins
71
the vertebral arch is composed of the
peduncles posteriorly and the laminae anteriorly
72
the vertebral arch encloses the
posterior vertebral foramen and protects the spinal chord
73
spina bifida
the laminae of the vertebra fail to unite during development and the vertebral arch remains incomplete
74
each disc is composed of
annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus
75
annulus fibrosus
tough outer layer of fibrocartilage
76
nucleus pulposus
an elastic central mass
77
ruptured or herniated disc
may cause back pain and numbness or loss of muscular function in the parts innervated by the affected spinal nerve

A&P Module 3 (7 decks)

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