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A&P Module 3 > Muscular system part 2 (1-44) > Flashcards

Muscular system part 2 (1-44) Flashcards

1
Q

smooth muscle characteristics

A
  • no striations
  • spindle-shaped
  • uninucleated
  • involuntary
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2
Q

smooth muscles are found mainly in the walls of hollow visceral organs of

A
  • respiratory
  • digestive
  • urinary
  • reproductive systems
  • blood vessels
  • and iris and dermis of skin
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3
Q

the smooth muscle propel substances along a definite pathway which is known as

A

peristalsis

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4
Q

what is peristalsis

A

the wave like movement that propels the food down the esophagus, intestine and ureters

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5
Q

cardiac muscle characteristics

A
  • striated
  • uninucleated
  • involuntary
  • branched
  • intercalated discs
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6
Q

cardiac fibers are branched cells joined by special junctions called

A

intercalated discs to form a syncytium

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7
Q

cardiac fibers are arranged in

A

spirals or figure 8-shaped bundles

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8
Q

what are the 3 parts of the skeletal muscle

A
  • origin
  • body/belly
  • insertion
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9
Q

skeletal muscles are attached to at least two points known as

A
  • origin
  • insertion
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10
Q

what is an origin

A

attachment of the muscle to an immovable or less movable part of the bone

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11
Q

what is an insertion

A

attachment of the muscle to a moveable part of the bone

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12
Q

some muscles have more than one origin or insertion. How many origins does a bicep brachii have

A

two origins

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13
Q

what is flexion

A
  • decreases the angle of the joint
  • brings bones closer together
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14
Q

what are flexors

A

group of muscles which cause flexion

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15
Q

what is extension

A
  • increases angle between two bones
  • straightening the elbow or knee
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16
Q

what are extensors

A

group of muscles which cause extension

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17
Q

for a particular body movement to occur a person must do

A

more than contracting a single muscle

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18
Q

what is agonist or prime mover

A

a muscle with the major responsibility for a certain movement

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19
Q

what is synergist

A

a muscle that contracts and assists the prime mover in a movement

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20
Q

what is antagonist

A

muscle that opposes or reverses the prime mover
- these muscles resist a prime mover’s action and cause movement in the opposite direction

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21
Q

what is rotation

A

movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis
- move your head from shoulder to shoulder (180 degrees)

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22
Q

what is circumduction

A

combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction
- shoulder joint at 360 degrees

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23
Q

what is abduction

A

movement of a limb away from the midline

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24
Q

what is adduction

A

movement of a limb towards the midline

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25
what is dorsiflexion
lifting the foot so that the superior surface approaches the shin of the tibia
26
what is plantar flexion
moving the foot toward the sole
27
what is inversion
turn the sole of the foot medially
28
what is eversion
turn the sole of the foot laterally
29
what is supination
rotate the forearm laterally so that the palm is facing upwards
30
what is pronation
rotate the forearm medially so that the palm is facing downwards - radius and ulna cross each other like an x
31
what is opposition
move thumb to touch the tips of other fingers on the same hand
32
what are the combinations of name convention
- direction of muscle fibers - relative size of muscle - location of muscle - number of origins - location of origin and insertion - shape of the muscle - action of the muscle
33
what are the muscles of facial expression
- frontalis muscle - orbicularis oculi - orbicularis oris - buccinator - zygomaticus - platysma
34
Frontalis function
- raises eyebrows
35
orbicularis oculi function
-closes eye, squints, blinks, and winks
36
orbicularis oris function,
- closes mouth and protrudes lips
37
buccinator function
- compresses cheeks inward
38
zygomaticus function
- raises corner of mouth
39
platysma function
- depress jaw and lower lip to turn the mouth downwards
40
what are the muscles of mastication
- Masseter - Temporalis - Buccinator
41
masseter function
- closes jaw, and elevates mandible
42
temporalis function
- closes jaw
43
buccinator function mastication
- draws corner of mouth laterally
44
muscles that move the head
- sternocleidomastoid - trapezius
45
sternocleidomastoid function
- flexes head and rotates head
46
trapezius function neck
- extends and adducts scapula
47
muscles of swallowing
- stylohyoid - sternohyoid
48
stylohyoid function
- elevate and retract hyoid bone - styloid process of temporal bone
49
sternohyoid function
- depresses the larynx and hyoid bone if mandible is held stationary
50
what are the muscles of the trunk
- serratus anterior - deltoid - pectoralis major - trapezius - latissimus dorsi
51
serratus anterior function
- depresses scapula and pulls it forward
52
deltoid function
- abducts arm to horizontal
53
pectoralis major function
- flexes and adducts arm
54
trapezius function
- extends the head, rotates and adducts scapula, elevates or depresses the scapula
55
latissimus dorsi function
- extends, adducts, and medially rotates the shoulder
56
rotator cuff muscles
- supraspinatus - infraspinatus - teres minor - subsacpularis
57
supraspinatus function
abduction at the shoulder
58
infraspinatus function
lateral rotation at the shoulder
59
teres minor function
lateral rotation and adduction at the shoulder
60
subscapularis function
medial rotation at the shoulder
61
trunk muscles moving the vertebral column
- Erector spinae (Iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis)
62
function of the erector spinae
extends and laterally rotates the vertebral column; extends neck
63
muscles of respiration
- external intercostals (second to main muscle) - internal intercostals - diaphragm
64
external intercostals function
elevate rib cage for inspiration
65
internal intercostals function
depress rib cage for forced expiration
66
diaphragm function
main muscle of respiration
67
muscles of the abdominal wall
- external oblique - internal oblique - transverse abdominus - rectus abdominus
68
external oblique function
flexes vertebral column; rotates trunk and bends it laterally
69
internal oblique function
flexes vertebral column; rotates trunk and bends it laterally
70
transverse abdominus function
tenses abdominal wall
71
rectus abdominus function
flexes and rotates the vertebral column, and bends it laterally; compresses abdominal contents (defecation, childbirth, forced breathing)

A&P Module 3 (7 decks)

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