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A&P Module 3 > Muscular system part 2 (1-44) > Flashcards

Muscular system part 2 (1-44) Flashcards

1
Q

smooth muscle characteristics

A
  • no striations
  • spindle-shaped
  • uninucleated
  • involuntary
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2
Q

smooth muscles are found mainly in the walls of hollow visceral organs of

A
  • respiratory
  • digestive
  • urinary
  • reproductive systems
  • blood vessels
  • and iris and dermis of skin
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3
Q

the smooth muscle propel substances along a definite pathway which is known as

A

peristalsis

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4
Q

what is peristalsis

A

the wave like movement that propels the food down the esophagus, intestine and ureters

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5
Q

cardiac muscle characteristics

A
  • striated
  • uninucleated
  • involuntary
  • branched
  • intercalated discs
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6
Q

cardiac fibers are branched cells joined by special junctions called

A

intercalated discs to form a syncytium

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7
Q

cardiac fibers are arranged in

A

spirals or figure 8-shaped bundles

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8
Q

what are the 3 parts of the skeletal muscle

A
  • origin
  • body/belly
  • insertion
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9
Q

skeletal muscles are attached to at least two points known as

A
  • origin
  • insertion
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10
Q

what is an origin

A

attachment of the muscle to an immovable or less movable part of the bone

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11
Q

what is an insertion

A

attachment of the muscle to a moveable part of the bone

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12
Q

some muscles have more than one origin or insertion. How many origins does a bicep brachii have

A

two origins

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13
Q

what is flexion

A
  • decreases the angle of the joint
  • brings bones closer together
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14
Q

what are flexors

A

group of muscles which cause flexion

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15
Q

what is extension

A
  • increases angle between two bones
  • straightening the elbow or knee
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16
Q

what are extensors

A

group of muscles which cause extension

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17
Q

for a particular body movement to occur a person must do

A

more than contracting a single muscle

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18
Q

what is agonist or prime mover

A

a muscle with the major responsibility for a certain movement

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19
Q

what is synergist

A

a muscle that contracts and assists the prime mover in a movement

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20
Q

what is antagonist

A

muscle that opposes or reverses the prime mover
- these muscles resist a prime mover’s action and cause movement in the opposite direction

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21
Q

what is rotation

A

movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis
- move your head from shoulder to shoulder (180 degrees)

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22
Q

what is circumduction

A

combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction
- shoulder joint at 360 degrees

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23
Q

what is abduction

A

movement of a limb away from the midline

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24
Q

what is adduction

A

movement of a limb towards the midline

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25
Q

what is dorsiflexion

A

lifting the foot so that the superior surface approaches the shin of the tibia

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26
Q

what is plantar flexion

A

moving the foot toward the sole

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27
Q

what is inversion

A

turn the sole of the foot medially

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28
Q

what is eversion

A

turn the sole of the foot laterally

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29
Q

what is supination

A

rotate the forearm laterally so that the palm is facing upwards

30
Q

what is pronation

A

rotate the forearm medially so that the palm is facing downwards
- radius and ulna cross each other like an x

31
Q

what is opposition

A

move thumb to touch the tips of other fingers on the same hand

32
Q

what are the combinations of name convention

A
  • direction of muscle fibers
  • relative size of muscle
  • location of muscle
  • number of origins
  • location of origin and insertion
  • shape of the muscle
  • action of the muscle
33
Q

what are the muscles of facial expression

A
  • frontalis muscle
  • orbicularis oculi
  • orbicularis oris
  • buccinator
  • zygomaticus
  • platysma
34
Q

Frontalis function

A
  • raises eyebrows
35
Q

orbicularis oculi function

A

-closes eye, squints, blinks, and winks

36
Q

orbicularis oris function,

A
  • closes mouth and protrudes lips
37
Q

buccinator function

A
  • compresses cheeks inward
38
Q

zygomaticus function

A
  • raises corner of mouth
39
Q

platysma function

A
  • depress jaw and lower lip to turn the mouth downwards
40
Q

what are the muscles of mastication

A
  • Masseter
  • Temporalis
  • Buccinator
41
Q

masseter function

A
  • closes jaw, and elevates mandible
42
Q

temporalis function

A
  • closes jaw
43
Q

buccinator function mastication

A
  • draws corner of mouth laterally
44
Q

muscles that move the head

A
  • sternocleidomastoid
  • trapezius
45
Q

sternocleidomastoid function

A
  • flexes head and rotates head
46
Q

trapezius function neck

A
  • extends and adducts scapula
47
Q

muscles of swallowing

A
  • stylohyoid
  • sternohyoid
48
Q

stylohyoid function

A
  • elevate and retract hyoid bone
  • styloid process of temporal bone
49
Q

sternohyoid function

A
  • depresses the larynx and hyoid bone if mandible is held stationary
50
Q

what are the muscles of the trunk

A
  • serratus anterior
  • deltoid
  • pectoralis major
  • trapezius
  • latissimus dorsi
51
Q

serratus anterior function

A
  • depresses scapula and pulls it forward
52
Q

deltoid function

A
  • abducts arm to horizontal
53
Q

pectoralis major function

A
  • flexes and adducts arm
54
Q

trapezius function

A
  • extends the head, rotates and adducts scapula, elevates or depresses the scapula
55
Q

latissimus dorsi function

A
  • extends, adducts, and medially rotates the shoulder
56
Q

rotator cuff muscles

A
  • supraspinatus
  • infraspinatus
  • teres minor
  • subsacpularis
57
Q

supraspinatus function

A

abduction at the shoulder

58
Q

infraspinatus function

A

lateral rotation at the shoulder

59
Q

teres minor function

A

lateral rotation and adduction at the shoulder

60
Q

subscapularis function

A

medial rotation at the shoulder

61
Q

trunk muscles moving the vertebral column

A
  • Erector spinae (Iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis)
62
Q

function of the erector spinae

A

extends and laterally rotates the vertebral column; extends neck

63
Q

muscles of respiration

A
  • external intercostals (second to main muscle)
  • internal intercostals
  • diaphragm
64
Q

external intercostals function

A

elevate rib cage for inspiration

65
Q

internal intercostals function

A

depress rib cage for forced expiration

66
Q

diaphragm function

A

main muscle of respiration

67
Q

muscles of the abdominal wall

A
  • external oblique
  • internal oblique
  • transverse abdominus
  • rectus abdominus
68
Q

external oblique function

A

flexes vertebral column; rotates trunk and bends it laterally

69
Q

internal oblique function

A

flexes vertebral column; rotates trunk and bends it laterally

70
Q

transverse abdominus function

A

tenses abdominal wall

71
Q

rectus abdominus function

A

flexes and rotates the vertebral column, and bends it laterally; compresses abdominal contents (defecation, childbirth, forced breathing)

A&P Module 3 (7 decks)

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