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Chapter 19: the heart > the arteries > Flashcards

the arteries Flashcards

1
Q

arteries carry blood…

A

away from the heart through the lumen

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2
Q

arterioles are small arteries that deliver…

A

blood to capillaries

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3
Q

capillaries are microscopic blood vessels located between

A

arterioles and venules

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4
Q

venules are small veins that collect

A

blood from capillaries

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5
Q

veins carry …

A

blood from organs back to the heart

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6
Q

the lumen have 3 layers in their walls

A

tunica interna, tunica media, tunica externa

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7
Q

tunica interna is the intermost coat that contains

A

a lining of endothelium, basement membrane, and internal elastic layer

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8
Q

tunica media is the middle coat and thickest layer that consists of

A

elastic fibers and circular smooth muscle fibers

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9
Q

tunica externa is the outer coat composed of

A

elastic and collagen fibers

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10
Q

increased sympathetic stimulation causes

A

vasoconstriction

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11
Q

vasoconstrictions decreases the diameter of

A

the lumen

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12
Q

decreased sympathetic stimulation causes

A

vasodilation

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13
Q

vasodilation increases the diameter of

A

lumen

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14
Q

blood flows from arterioles to venules through

A

capillaries

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15
Q

capillaries main function is the exchange of

A

nutrients and oxygen with wastes and CO2 between the blood and tissue cells

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16
Q

the walls of capillaries are composed of only

A

a layer of endothelium and basement membrane

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17
Q

the layers in veins are thinner because

A

they have less muscle and fewer elastic fibers

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18
Q

the lumens in veins are…

A

larger than in arteries

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19
Q

veins have valves that prevent the

A

backward flow of blood

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20
Q

64% of an individual’s blood volume is in

A

veins and venules while at rest(called blood reservoirs)

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21
Q

the volume of blood that flows back to the heart through systemic veins is called

A

venous return

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22
Q

factors that affect venous return are

A

pumping action of the heart
alternating contraction and relaxation of skeletal muscles in legs
respiratory pumping

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23
Q

the pressure exerted by blood on the walls of a vessel is called

A

blood pressure

24
Q

blood pressure is highest in the

A

aorta

25
Q

blood pressure is lowest in the

A

venae cavae

26
Q

velocity of blood flow is greatest in the

A

large arteries

27
Q

blod flows slowest in the

A

capillaries

28
Q

it takes how long for a drop of blood to travel thru the body at rest

A

1 minute

29
Q

factors that affect blood pressure

A

heart rate
blood volume
size of the lumen
blood viscosity
blood vessel length
stress
drugs
body position
body temp
body size
diet and exercise
smoking

30
Q

blood pressure is measured by a device called a

A

sphygmomanometer

31
Q

normal blood pressure should be less than

A

120 over 80 mmHg

32
Q

the top number of blood pressure represents the

A

systolic pressure

33
Q

the bottom number of blood pressure represents

A

the diastolic pressure

34
Q

hypertension is

A

high blood pressure of greater that 140/90

35
Q

the cardiovascular centers helps regulate

A

hear rate, stroke volume, force of contraction, and blood vessel diameter

36
Q

helps regulate blood pressure

A

hormones

37
Q

3 main types of sensory receptors

A

proprioceptors, baroreceptors, chemoreceptors

38
Q

proprioceptors are found in

A

muscles and joints

39
Q

proprioceptors monitor

A

body movement and position

40
Q

baroreceptors monitor change in

A

pressure and stretch in the walls of blood vessels

41
Q

chemoreceptors monitor the concentration of

A

various chemicals in the blood

42
Q

increase in sympathetic stimulation results in

A

increase in heart rate and contractility

43
Q

a decrease in sympathetic stimulation results in a

A

decrease in heart rate and contractility

44
Q

parasympathetic stimulation decreases

A

heart rate

45
Q

the cardiovascular center sends impulses to smooth muscles by way of

A

vasomotor nerves (cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation)

46
Q

hepatic portal vein caries blood from

A

GI organs and spleen into the liver

47
Q

the liver receives blood from the

A

hepatic artery

48
Q

hepatic artery branches from the

A

celiac trunk artery

49
Q

blood leaves the liver through the

A

hepatic vein

50
Q

the lungs of a fetus does not begin to function utnil

A

birth

51
Q

the exchange of materials between fetal and maternal circulation occurs through the

A

placenta

52
Q

the placenta forms in the mother’s uterus and attaches to the fetus by the

A

umbilical cord

53
Q

two umbilical arteries carry

A

deoxygenated blood from the fetus to placenta

54
Q

the umbilical arteries pick up… and give up..

A

02 and nutrients, and give up CO2 and wastes

55
Q

oxygenated blood returns from the placenta by the

A

umbilical vein

Chapter 19: the heart (4 decks)

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