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Chapter 19: the heart > blood > Flashcards

blood Flashcards

1
Q

circulatory system consists of the

A

heart, blood vessels and blood

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2
Q

the circulatory transports…

A

O2, CO2, nutrients, wastes, hormones, and stem cells

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3
Q

the circulatory system protects

A

inflammation
spread of infection
destroy microorganisms and cancer cells
neutralize toxins
initiate clotting

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4
Q

the circulatory regulates

A

fluid balance
pH of ECF
temperature control

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5
Q

plasma is a

A

matrix of blood

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6
Q

formed elements are

A

blood cells and cell fragments

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7
Q

erhytrocytes are

A

Red blood cells

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8
Q

platelets are

A

fragments of certain bone marrow cells

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9
Q

leukocytes are

A

white blood cells

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10
Q

WBCs classified as granulocytes

A

neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils

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11
Q

two types of WBCs classified as granulocytes

A

lymphocytes
monocytes

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12
Q

erythrocytes take up

A

37 to 52% of total volume
hematocrit (packet cell value)

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13
Q

WBCs and platelets take up

A

1% total volume
buffy coat

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14
Q

plasma takes up

A

47 to 63% volume
complex mixture of water, protein, nutrients, electrolytes, hormones and gases

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15
Q

plasma is the

A

liquid portion of blood

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16
Q

serum is the remaining

A

fluid when blood clots and solids are removed

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17
Q

plasma proteins are

A

albumins, globulins, fibrinogen

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18
Q

plasma proteins are formed by

A

the liver

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19
Q

globulins are produced by

A

plasma cells

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20
Q

three major categories of plasma proteins

A

albumins
globulins
fibrinogen

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21
Q

albumins contribute to

A

viscosity and osmolarity

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22
Q

albumins influence

A

blood pressure, flow, and fluid balance

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23
Q

globulins provide

A

immune system functions

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24
Q

different types of globulins are

A

alpha, beta, and gamma

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25
fibrinogen is a precursor of
fibrin threads that help form blood clots
26
nitrogenous compounds are free
amino acids from dietary protein or tissue breakdown
27
nutrients in blood plasma
glucose, vitamins, fats, cholesterol, phospholipids and minerals
28
sodium makes up 90% of
plasma cations
29
blood viscosity is the
resistance of a fluid to flow
30
blood viscosity is import because it affects flow
of blood through vessels
31
whole blood is ... to ... times as viscous as water
4.5 to 5.5
32
plasma is ... as viscous as water
2.0
33
hypoproteinemia is a
deficiency of plasma proteins
34
hypoproteinemia symptoms
extreme starvation liver or kidney disease severe burns
35
kwashiorkor is children with
severe protein deficiency
36
kwashiorkor symptoms
thin arms and legs swollen abdomen
37
hematopoiesis is the
production of blood
38
daily adult production of blood
400 billon platelets 100 to 200 billion RBCs 10 billion WBCs
39
hematopoietic tissues is
yolk sac produces stem cells for first blood cells
40
hematopoietic characteristics
liver stops producing blood cells at birth spleen remains involved with lymphocyte production
41
lymphoid hematopoiesis is blood formation in
lymphatic organs
42
myeloid hematopoiesis is blood formation in
bone marrow
43
hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are
multipotent stem cells in bone marrow
44
hematopoietic stem cells multiply in order to
maintain their population in the bone marrow form colony-forming units (CFUs)
45
erythrocytes main function is
gas transport
46
erythrocytes carry
oxygen from lungs to tissues
47
erythrocytes contribute to
CO2 transport from tissues to lungs
48
RBCs are ... cells
discoid cells
49
RBC's have a diameter of
7.5 um
50
RBCs have a thick rim of
2 um
51
RBCs lack
mitochondria, nucleus and DNA
52
blood type is determined by surface
glycoproteins and glycolipids
53
cytoskeletal proteins
spectrin and actin
54
cytoskeletal proteins give membrane
durability and resilience
55
RBCs have high
surface area/volume ratio
56
33% of cytoplasm is
hemoglobin
57
carbonic anhydrase in cytoplasm produces
carbonic acid
58
carbonic anhydrase plays an important role in
gas transport and pH balance
59
each hemoglobin consists of
four polypeptide globins four heme groups
60
adult hb has
two alpha and two beta chains`
61
fetal hb contains
two alpha and two gamma chains
62
heme groups
nonprotein moiety four O2 binding sites per hb
63

Chapter 19: the heart (4 decks)

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