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Chapter 19: the heart > blood > Flashcards

blood Flashcards

1
Q

circulatory system consists of the

A

heart, blood vessels and blood

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2
Q

the circulatory transports…

A

O2, CO2, nutrients, wastes, hormones, and stem cells

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3
Q

the circulatory system protects

A

inflammation
spread of infection
destroy microorganisms and cancer cells
neutralize toxins
initiate clotting

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4
Q

the circulatory regulates

A

fluid balance
pH of ECF
temperature control

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5
Q

plasma is a

A

matrix of blood

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6
Q

formed elements are

A

blood cells and cell fragments

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7
Q

erhytrocytes are

A

Red blood cells

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8
Q

platelets are

A

fragments of certain bone marrow cells

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9
Q

leukocytes are

A

white blood cells

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10
Q

WBCs classified as granulocytes

A

neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils

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11
Q

two types of WBCs classified as granulocytes

A

lymphocytes
monocytes

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12
Q

erythrocytes take up

A

37 to 52% of total volume
hematocrit (packet cell value)

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13
Q

WBCs and platelets take up

A

1% total volume
buffy coat

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14
Q

plasma takes up

A

47 to 63% volume
complex mixture of water, protein, nutrients, electrolytes, hormones and gases

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15
Q

plasma is the

A

liquid portion of blood

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16
Q

serum is the remaining

A

fluid when blood clots and solids are removed

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17
Q

plasma proteins are

A

albumins, globulins, fibrinogen

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18
Q

plasma proteins are formed by

A

the liver

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19
Q

globulins are produced by

A

plasma cells

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20
Q

three major categories of plasma proteins

A

albumins
globulins
fibrinogen

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21
Q

albumins contribute to

A

viscosity and osmolarity

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22
Q

albumins influence

A

blood pressure, flow, and fluid balance

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23
Q

globulins provide

A

immune system functions

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24
Q

different types of globulins are

A

alpha, beta, and gamma

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25
Q

fibrinogen is a precursor of

A

fibrin threads that help form blood clots

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26
Q

nitrogenous compounds are free

A

amino acids from dietary protein or tissue breakdown

27
Q

nutrients in blood plasma

A

glucose, vitamins, fats, cholesterol, phospholipids and minerals

28
Q

sodium makes up 90% of

A

plasma cations

29
Q

blood viscosity is the

A

resistance of a fluid to flow

30
Q

blood viscosity is import because it affects flow

A

of blood through vessels

31
Q

whole blood is … to … times as viscous as water

A

4.5 to 5.5

32
Q

plasma is … as viscous as water

A

2.0

33
Q

hypoproteinemia is a

A

deficiency of plasma proteins

34
Q

hypoproteinemia symptoms

A

extreme starvation
liver or kidney disease
severe burns

35
Q

kwashiorkor is children with

A

severe protein deficiency

36
Q

kwashiorkor symptoms

A

thin arms and legs
swollen abdomen

37
Q

hematopoiesis is the

A

production of blood

38
Q

daily adult production of blood

A

400 billon platelets
100 to 200 billion RBCs
10 billion WBCs

39
Q

hematopoietic tissues is

A

yolk sac produces stem cells for first blood cells

40
Q

hematopoietic characteristics

A

liver stops producing blood cells at birth
spleen remains involved with lymphocyte production

41
Q

lymphoid hematopoiesis is blood formation in

A

lymphatic organs

42
Q

myeloid hematopoiesis is blood formation in

A

bone marrow

43
Q

hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are

A

multipotent stem cells in bone marrow

44
Q

hematopoietic stem cells multiply in order to

A

maintain their population in the bone marrow
form colony-forming units (CFUs)

45
Q

erythrocytes main function is

A

gas transport

46
Q

erythrocytes carry

A

oxygen from lungs to tissues

47
Q

erythrocytes contribute to

A

CO2 transport from tissues to lungs

48
Q

RBCs are … cells

A

discoid cells

49
Q

RBC’s have a diameter of

A

7.5 um

50
Q

RBCs have a thick rim of

A

2 um

51
Q

RBCs lack

A

mitochondria, nucleus and DNA

52
Q

blood type is determined by surface

A

glycoproteins and glycolipids

53
Q

cytoskeletal proteins

A

spectrin and actin

54
Q

cytoskeletal proteins give membrane

A

durability and resilience

55
Q

RBCs have high

A

surface area/volume ratio

56
Q

33% of cytoplasm is

A

hemoglobin

57
Q

carbonic anhydrase in cytoplasm produces

A

carbonic acid

58
Q

carbonic anhydrase plays an important role in

A

gas transport and pH balance

59
Q

each hemoglobin consists of

A

four polypeptide globins
four heme groups

60
Q

adult hb has

A

two alpha and two beta chains`

61
Q

fetal hb contains

A

two alpha and two gamma chains

62
Q

heme groups

A

nonprotein moiety
four O2 binding sites per hb

63
Q
A

Chapter 19: the heart (4 decks)

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