The Animal Kingdom – Part 1: Lower Invertebrates | INTRODUCTION Flashcards
1
Q
are multicellular eukaryotes heterotrophs that ingest other organisms
A
Animals
2
Q
how do other organisms acquire organic molecules and energy
A
by ingesting
3
Q
most animals are —-
A
motile
4
Q
they typically reproduce sexually and their cells lack cell wall
A
animals
5
Q
their nervous tissue with electrical impulse conduction, muscle tissue, and an advanced body plan
A
animals
6
Q
what is the percentage of aimals being invertebrates
A
90%
7
Q
they lack a backbone
A
invertebrates
8
Q
they represent a small portion of animals
A
vertebrates
9
Q
animals with true tissues are called
A
eumetazoans
10
Q
it separates animals with three possibilities
A
symmetry
11
Q
3 possibilities of symmetry
A
asymmetry
radial symmetry
bilateral symmetry
12
Q
the presence of a true body cavity is called
A
coelom
13
Q
it is used as a character to group or separate species followed bby the type of embryonic development and function of the gut
A
coelem
14
Q
animals will either be —– or ——
A
protostomes or deuterostomes
15
Q
in protostomes mouth forms —–
A
first
16
Q
“stoma” means
A
mouth
17
Q
in deuterostomes mouth forms —– and anus —-
A
mouth second and anus first
18
Q
here, mouth forms first
A
protostomes
19
Q
here, mouth forms second and anus first
A
deuterostomes
20
Q
in its larvae characteristics it is the presence or absence of ——
A
segmentation
21
Q
it is the sheding of the cuticle
A
ecdysozoa
22
Q
most — , animals wih bilateral symmetry posess a body cavity or coelem
A
bilerates
23
Q
possess a body cavity or —-
A
coelem
24
Q
this cavity forms forms during the emryo gastrulation
A
coelem
25
ceolem forms during the -----
embryo gatrulation
26
it offers room for organ development and growth and allows movement and diffusion within the body
coelem
27
in coelem when filled with fluid it also absorbs shock and proviide a -------
hydrostatic skeleton
28
it aids with body shape and locomotion
hydrostatic skeleton
29
it lies within the mesoderm
true ceolem
30
it is found between the mesoderm and endoderm
pseudocoel or pseudocoelom
31
meaning of pseudocoel or pseudocoelom
false body cavity
32
traditionally, presence or absence of a coelem was used for -----
animal phylogeny
33
most animal phyla have members with a coelom and are called
ceolomates
34
animals displaying a pseudocoelom are known as
pseudocoelomates
35
are the lergest group of pseudocoelomates
nematodes
36
are roundworms
nematodes
37
the complete mesoderm lining of a ----- ------ allowa organs to be attached to each other so that they can be suspended in a particular order while still being able to move freely within the cavity
true coelom
38
with a -------, the mesoderm partly lines the fluid filled body cavity and although organs are held inplace loosely, they are not as well organized as in a coelomate
pseudocoelom
39
these two phyla share the one common feature of a pseudocoelom
Nematoda and Rotifera
40
Nematoda and Rotifera share the one common feature of a
pseudocoelom
41
a french biologist interested in protozoan evolution recorded the morphological similiarities of choanoflagellates, colonial protists, and sponge collar cells and their close relationship
Felix Dujardin 1841
42
they are most closely related to animals
choanoflagellates
43
resembles sponge choanocyte
choanoflagellate
44
it draws water through the sponge so that nutrients can be extracted and waste removed
choanocyte flagella
45
a hypothesis that proposes that multicellular organisms evolved from a single flagellated cell
Colonial Flagellate Hypothesis
46
It is believed that group of these unicellular flagellate combined to form an aggregrate then formed a sphere which developed specialized cell and then folded in on themselve to create a tissue layer
Colonial Flagellate Hypothesis
47
a group of colonial flagellated protists evolved the capacity for complex multicellularity and eventually spawned the full diversity of modern animals
choanoflagellates
48
5 key features of animals
ingestion
embryological development
reproduction and life cycle
body plan
tissues and symmetry
49
all animals are -----
heterotrophs
50
process of taking food through an opening the mouth into their gastrointestinal tract
ingestion
51
they insert ther stomach in their mussel prey where digestive enzymes are released and the resulting soup absorbed
predatory sea stars
52
they absorb nutrients through their skin as they do not have a digestive tract
tapeworms
53
after ------- a series of developmental stages occur during whihc primary germ layers are established and reorganize to form an embryo
fertilization
54
during this process animal tissues begin to specialize and organize into organs and organ systems, determining their future morphology and physiology
embryological development
55
the series of developmental stages of the embryo remains largely the same for most members of the -------
animal kingdom
56
they are mostly diploid organisms
animals
57
it means that their body cell cells are diploid and haploid reproductive cells are produced through meiosis
diploid organisms
58
what are somatic cells
body cells
59
what are gamete cells
sex cells
60
3 animals where the male is haploid because it develops from unfertilized eggs through a mechanisms known as parthogenesis
bees, wasps, and ants
61
a mechanism where an animal develops from an unfertilized eggs
parthogenesis
62
it refers to the morphology of an animal
body plan
63
genes that deternine animal structures are called
homeotic genes
64
they contain DNA sequences called homeoboxes
homeotic genes
65
homeotic genes contain DNA sequences called
homeoboxes
66
the animal genes containing homeobox sequences are specifically referred to as
Hox genes
67
they serve as master control genes that can turn on or off large numbers of other genes
Hox genes
68
the first Hox genes to be sequenced were those from the
fruit fly
69
scientific name of fruit fly
Drosophilia melanogaster
70
a single hox mutation in the ------- can result in an extra pair of wings ir even appedages growing from the "wrong" body part
fruit fly
71
are homologous in the animal kingdom; its genetic sequences and their positions on chromosomes are remarkably similar across most animals
Hox genes
72
they explains why embryos from different animals can look so similar at some point of their development
Hox genes
73
it is the main event during the embryological development of animals is teh formation of ---
germ layers
74
the formation of germ layers, emrbryological tissues during a stage called ----
gastrulation
75
diploblastic animals produce the -------- and ------
ectoderm and endoderm
76
-------- animals produce the ectoderm and endoderm
diploblastic
77
are animals which also have the third layer called mesoderm
triploblastic
78
the third germ sitting in-between the other germ layer is called
mesoderm
79
the number of germ layers is also closely associated with animal -----
body symmetry
80
a symmetry that is displayed in animals with two germ layers
radial symmetry
81
a symmetry for triploblastic
bilateral symmetry
82
those with one germ layer what is their symmetry?
assymetrical
