The Anatomical Basis of Homeostasis - Hormonal Secretion

Question 1

Features of the endocrine system?

Answer 1

Often functions intermittently
Exerts diffuse control
Often prolonged control

Question 2

Features of the nervous system?

Answer 2

Always working
Discrete
Localised
Rapid control

Question 3

What are the roles or hormones?

Answer 3

Develop
Metabolism
Reproduction
Fluid balance

Question 4

What are the human endocrine glands?

Answer 4

Pituitary (anterior and posterior)
Thyroid
Parathyroid
Islets of langerhans
Adrenals
Gonads
Vascular endothelium
Gut cells
Adipocytes
Placenta
Thymus
Kidney
Heart

Question 5

What are the human endocrine organs?

Answer 5

Pineal gland
Hypothalamus
Pituitary gland
Thyroid and parathyroid glands
Thymus
Adrenal gland
Pancreas
Ovaries
Testes

Question 6

What do steroids, thyroid and hormones do ?

Answer 6

Alter gene transcription

Question 7

What do peptides, proteins, glycoproteins and catecholamines do?

Answer 7

Second messengers to change activity

Question 8

4 types of stimulus for endocrine cells?

Answer 8

Changes in plasma concentrations of mineral ions
Changes in plasma concentrations of organic nutrients
Neurotransmitters released from neurones contacting endocrine cells
Another upstream hormone acting on the endocrine cell

Question 9

What does the posterior pituitary do?

Answer 9

Synthesise cell bodies
Transport down axons
Storage in nerve terminals
Release in blood

Question 10

What are the 5 different endocrine cells?

Answer 10

Gonadotroph, corticotroph, somatotropin, lactotroph and thyrotroph cells

Question 11

What are the two main functions of the anterior pituitary?

Answer 11

Hypothalamic hypophysiotropic hormones release

Feedback to target gland hormones