Introduction to Anatomy Flashcards
What are the 3 ways you can explore anatomy?
Regional anatomy
Systemic anatomy
Microscopic anatomy
What are the 3 anatomical planes?
Splitting the body inferior and superior = transverse / horizontal
Splitting the body anterior and posterior = frontal / coronal
Splitting the body medial and lateral = sagittal
What do anterior and posterior mean?
Anterior = towards front of the body Posterior = towards back of body
What do superior and inferior mean?
Superior = upwards towards head Inferior = downwards away from head
What does medial and lateral mean?
Medial = towards medial plane Lateral = away from medial plane
What does proximal and distal mean?
Proximal = towards trunk Distal = away from trunk
What does superficial and deep mean?
Superficial is towards surface of the body
Deep is towards anterior of the body
Flexion and extension?
Flexion = movement decreasing angle between body parts Extension = movement increasing angle between body parts
Abduction and adduction?
Abduction = movement away from the midline Adduction = movement towards the midline
Medial rotation and lateral rotation?
Medial rotation = rotating movement towards the midline
Lateral rotation = rotating movement away from midline
Supination and pronation?
Supination = palm facing anteriorly Pronation = palm faces posteriorly
Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion?
Dorsiflexion = flexion at ankle to foot points superiorly Plantarflexion = extension at the ankle so foot points more inferiorly
Inversion and eversion?
Inversion = movement of sole towards median plane Eversion = movement of sole away from median plane
Opposition and reposition?
Opposition = thumb and little finger brought together Reposition = thumb and little finger moved apart
Circumduction?
Conical movement of limb and extending from the joint
Protraction and retraction?
Protraction = movement of reaching out for something Retraction = movement of retracting or picking up something
Elevation and repression?
Elevation = movement in a superior direction Repression = movement in an inferior direction
What are the axial and appendicular skeletons?
Axial is cephalic, cervical, thoracic, abdominal and pelvic region
Appendicular is the upper and lower appendicular regions
What are the 9 regions of the abdominal area from left to right?
Right hypochondriac region Epigastric region Left hypochondriac region Right lumbar region Umbilical region Left lumber region Right iliac region Hypogastric region Left iliac region
How do you scan a specimen?
Go on the top left corner
Scan along the x axis
Move down to the y axis
Repeat
What 4 things effect image quality
Brightness
Focus
Contrast
resolution
