Introduction to Anatomy

Question 1

What are the 3 ways you can explore anatomy?

Answer 1

Regional anatomy
Systemic anatomy
Microscopic anatomy

Question 2

What are the 3 anatomical planes?

Answer 2

Splitting the body inferior and superior = transverse / horizontal
Splitting the body anterior and posterior = frontal / coronal
Splitting the body medial and lateral = sagittal

Question 3

What do anterior and posterior mean?

Answer 3

Anterior = towards front of the body
Posterior = towards back of body

Question 4

What do superior and inferior mean?

Answer 4

Superior = upwards towards head
Inferior = downwards away from head

Question 5

What does medial and lateral mean?

Answer 5

Medial = towards medial plane 
Lateral = away from medial plane

Question 6

What does proximal and distal mean?

Answer 6

Proximal = towards trunk
Distal = away from trunk

Question 7

What does superficial and deep mean?

Answer 7

Superficial is towards surface of the body

Deep is towards anterior of the body

Question 8

Flexion and extension?

Answer 8

Flexion = movement decreasing angle between body parts
Extension = movement increasing angle between body parts

Question 9

Abduction and adduction?

Answer 9

Abduction = movement away from the midline
Adduction = movement towards the midline

Question 10

Medial rotation and lateral rotation?

Answer 10

Medial rotation = rotating movement towards the midline

Lateral rotation = rotating movement away from midline

Question 11

Supination and pronation?

Answer 11

Supination = palm facing anteriorly
Pronation = palm faces posteriorly

Question 12

Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion?

Answer 12

Dorsiflexion = flexion at ankle to foot points superiorly
Plantarflexion = extension at the ankle so foot points more inferiorly

Question 13

Inversion and eversion?

Answer 13

Inversion = movement of sole towards median plane
Eversion = movement of sole away from median plane

Question 14

Opposition and reposition?

Answer 14

Opposition = thumb and little finger brought together
Reposition = thumb and little finger moved apart

Question 15

Circumduction?

Answer 15

Conical movement of limb and extending from the joint

Question 16

Protraction and retraction?

Answer 16

Protraction = movement of reaching out for something
Retraction = movement of retracting or picking up something

Question 17

Elevation and repression?

Answer 17

Elevation = movement in a superior direction
Repression = movement in an inferior direction

Question 18

What are the axial and appendicular skeletons?

Answer 18

Axial is cephalic, cervical, thoracic, abdominal and pelvic region
Appendicular is the upper and lower appendicular regions

Question 19

What are the 9 regions of the abdominal area from left to right?

Answer 19

Right hypochondriac region
Epigastric region
Left hypochondriac region
Right lumbar region
Umbilical region
Left lumber region
Right iliac region
Hypogastric region
Left iliac region

Question 20

How do you scan a specimen?

Answer 20

Go on the top left corner
Scan along the x axis
Move down to the y axis
Repeat

Question 21

What 4 things effect image quality

Answer 21

Brightness
Focus
Contrast
resolution